The BoJ’s July meeting minutes revealed a growing debate among policymakers over the need to raise rates toward neutral levels. One member argued that with prices elevated and the output gap near zero, it was appropriate for the BoJ to “return the policy rate to its neutral level where possible.”
Another member warned against being “overly cautious,” saying the central bank should not miss the opportunity to hike rates, particularly as stock markets have reacted positively to the recent U.S.–Japan trade deal. Several others echoed this view, suggesting that another hike could be feasible before year-end if tariffs cause only limited drag on the economy.
Meanwhile, policymakers were divided on inflation. While one saw the overshoot as temporary and food-related, others highlighted the risk that persistent food price increases could entrench higher inflation expectations.
The debate has since intensified, as seen in September’s meeting when two members dissented in favor of lifting rates to 0.75%. The growing hawkish faction raises the prospect that the BoJ could still deliver another rate hike in the coming months, particularly if growth and inflation prove resilient.
