ECB Chief Economist Philip Lane provided insight into the central bank’s inflation expectations in a speech today. In the near term, headline inflation is anticipated to fluctuate, with a temporary dip in September followed by a rebound later this year.

But more significantly, ECB projects a “rapid decline” in inflation over the next two years, from 2.6% in Q4 2024 to 2.0% in Q4 2025. Core inflation, which is primarily driven by services, is expected to follow a “even sharper” drop, falling from 2.9% at the end of this year to 2.1% by the same period in 2025.

The projections align with weaker economic growth and declining wage pressures, both of which are expected to accelerate the disinflationary process throughout 2025. Lane noted that this slowdown in wage growth is consistent with the recent data, reflecting the end of the “catch-up” dynamics seen in recent years. Additionally, the disinflation process will be supported by well-anchored forward-looking inflation expectations, with reduced price-price and price-wage dynamics compared to the higher inflation environment of 2023.

Looking forward, Lane emphasized that a “gradual approach” in reducing policy restrictiveness will be appropriate, provided the data aligns with ECB’s baseline projection. However, he cautioned that the central bank will “retain optionality” about the pace of adjustment, indicating flexibility depending on future economic developments.

Full speech of ECB’s Lane here.

ECB Governing Council member Peter Kazimir expressed his cautious stance regarding future rate cuts, noting in a blog post that “We will almost surely need to wait until December for a clearer picture before making our next move.”

Kazimir also underscored the importance of receiving a “significant shift” or a “powerful signal” in the economic outlook to support backing another cut in October.

However, “the fact is that very little new information is in the pipeline” before October meeting, he added.

The Governing Council member argued that it is essential for the central bank to ensure incoming data aligns with projections, warning that acting too quickly could lead to regret if inflation has not been sustainably brought under control.

ECB officials shared varied perspectives on the economic outlook and monetary policy today, following yesterday’s 25bps rate cut. This move was largely anticipated as ECB continues its cautious approach to address both inflation and slowing growth.

ECB Deputy Governor Olli Rehn highlighted the “good reasons” behind the rate cut, amid declining inflation. He also stressed that “current uncertainties further emphasize the dependence on fresh data and analysis” to guide policy decisions.

Bundesbank President Joachim Nagel, another member of the Governing Council, struck a positive tone, stating, “We assume that core inflation will improve, especially with the declining wage trend in the eurozone.” He added that in Germany, “things are moving in the right direction.”

Meanwhile, Bank of France President François Villeroy de Galhau acknowledged the challenges posed by weaker-than-expected activity data, particularly in France. However, he maintained a cautious outlook, noting the potential for “a very gradual recovery” beyond the short-term boost from the Olympics. He emphasized that the pace of monetary easing “has to be highly pragmatic” and that ECB “keeps full optionality” for future meetings.

Bank of Slovenia President Bostjan Vasle reiterated ECB’s data-dependent approach, adding that “we are not committed to any predetermined rate path,” with inflation still largely driven by core components and services.

Bank of Estonia Governor Madis Muller, echoing these views, expressed concerns over services inflation but noted growing confidence in the broader inflation outlook, despite expectations of a temporary acceleration.

ECB followed expectations by lowering the deposit rate by 25 bps to 3.75%. The main refinancing rate was adjusted to 3.65%, as the spread between the two rates is now set at 15 bps. Moving forward, the ECB emphasized its commitment to a “data-dependent” and “meeting-by-meeting” approach, avoiding any pre-commitment to a specific rate path.

In its accompanying statement, ECB highlighted that recent inflation data had been largely in line with projections. Inflation is expected to rise again towards the end of the year, primarily due to the base effect from last year’s sharp energy price falls. The central bank anticipates inflation will decline closer to its target in the second half of 2025.

Updated inflation forecasts show headline inflation averaging 2.5% in 2024, 2.2% in 2025, and hitting 1.9% by 2026. Core inflation is projected to fall from 2.9% in 2024 to 2.3% in 2025, and eventually reach 2.0% in 2026.

On the growth front, there was a slight downward adjustment in the outlook. The Eurozone economy is now expected to expand by 0.8% in 2024, with growth improving to 1.3% in 2025 and 1.5% in 2026.

Full ECB statement here.