BoJ board member Hajime Takata highlighted in a speech today the significant shifts in firms’ behavior on price-setting and wages, leading to a budding “virtuous cycle between wages and prices” in Japan.
The existence of the virtuous wage-price cycle, if it sustains, could give BoJ more room to navigate its monetary policy and prompt an exit from the ultra-loose monetary policy, particularly if it’s accompanied by “proactive and forward-looking efforts by firms” and appropriate “policy responses by the government.”
“My understanding is that, on the whole, firms’ price-setting behavior has changed from that observed during the deflation period,” Takata said. This shift in behavior indicates that Japanese firms, traditionally cautious in raising prices, are beginning to pass on increased costs to consumers.
The significant point here is not merely the change but also the why of the change. According to Takata, firms’ new willingness to adjust selling prices upwards is “likely because consumption has been solid even when prices have been rising, underpinned by standby funds that accumulated during the pandemic and by pent-up demand.”
Another key takeaway is the substantial change in firms’ wage-setting behavior. “As reflected in the results of the annual spring labor-management wage negotiations this year, firms’ wage-setting behavior has changed, leading to wage increases and moves to pass on higher wage costs to selling prices,” Takata highlighted. This wage growth has, in turn, boosted consumer sentiment, potentially setting the stage for a self-sustaining cycle of growth and inflation.
What financial markets should keep an eye on are the upcoming annual spring labor-management wage negotiations. Takata expects a “relatively high wage growth rate,” given that labor shortages and high inflation rates are likely to continue.
Full speech of BoJ Takata here.
Fed Goolsbee foresees change in rate debate focus
Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee expressed a cautious optimism in an interview with Marketplace Radio yesterday, noting that the focal point of discussions surrounding interest rates might soon shift.
Goolsbee acknowledged “overall level of inflation is still above where we want to be.” Despite the circumstances, he demonstrated a semblance of confidence that “There’s a growing confidence that we can pull it off.”
However, he asserted that the achievement wasn’t set in stone, adding a note of caution: “that’s not a guarantee.”
Goolsbee foresees a change in narrative in the coming times. Instead of deliberating on the scale of rate hikes, he envisaged that the discourse would gravitate towards the duration for which rates should be maintained at the established levels to steer the economy back on the desired path.
Putting it succinctly, he remarked, “We are very rapidly approaching the time when our argument is not going to be about how high should the rates go.”
Elaborating on this, he stated, “it’s going to be an argument of how long do we need to keep the rates at this position before we’re sure that we’re on the path back to the target.”