Germany ZEW dived to -10.7, economy could slip into recession

    Germany ZEW Economic Sentiment recorded in significantly decline from 4.1 to -10.7 in May, even worse than expectation of -5.0%. Current Situation Index dropped from -32.5 to -34.8.

    Eurozone ZEW Economic Sentiment fell form 6.4 to -9.4. Current Situation Index rose 2.7 pts to -27.5.

    ZEW President Professor Achim Wambach said:

    “The ZEW Indicator of Economic Sentiment has once again fallen sharply. The financial market experts anticipate a worsening of the already unfavourable economic situation in the next six months. As a result, the German economy could slip into a recession, albeit a mild one.

    “The sentiment indicator decline is partly due to expectations of further interest rate hikes by the ECB. Additionally, the potential default by the United States in the coming weeks adds uncertainty to global economic prospects”.

    Full Germany ZEW release here.

    UK payrolled employees dropped -136k in Apr, unemployment rate rose to 3.9% in Mar

      UK payrolled employees dropped -0.5% mom, or -136k in April, comparing with March. That is the first decline in total payrolled employees since the COVID pandemic. Comparing with April 2022, payrolled employees rose 1.0% yoy or 297k. Claimant counts rose 46.7k, above expectation of 31.2k. Median monthly pay rose 7.4% yoy.

      In the three months to March, unemployment rate rose 0.1% to 3.9%, comparing to the previous quarter. Employment rate rose 0.2% to 75.9%. Average earnings including bonus rose 5.8% 3moy. Average earnings excluding bonus rose 6.7% 3moy.

      Full UK employment release here.

      China’s industrial production, retail sales miss expectations; youth unemployment hits record high

        China’s industrial production growth fell short of expectations in April, with a year-on-year increase of 5.6% yoy, significantly under expectation of 10.1% growth. Despite missing the mark, the growth rate outpaced March’s 3.9% yoy rise and marked the fastest expansion since September 2022.

        Retail sales also grew less than expected, posting 18.4% yoy rise, which fell short of anticipated 20.1% yoy growth. The figure was largely inflated due to a low comparison base, as retail sales plummeted by -11.1% yoy in April of the previous year due to severe lockdowns. On a monthly basis, retail sales contracted by -7.8% mom from March.

        Fixed asset investment growth also came in below expectations 4.7% ytd yoy growth, underperforming expectation of 5.2%.

        Urban jobless rate ticked down from 5.3% to 5.2%. However, unemployment among 16-24 age group spiked to a record high of 20.4%, up from 19.6% in the previous month. This exceeded the previous record of 19.9% set in July 2022.

        The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) stated, “In general, in April, the national economy continued to recover, and positive factors accumulated and increased. But we must also see that the international environment is still complex and severe, domestic demand is still insufficient, and the endogenous driving force for economic recovery is not yet strong.”

        RBA Minutes: Further hikes may still be required

          Minutes of RBA’s May meeting revealed a detailed discussion where Board members weighed the pros and cons of keeping cash rate unchanged or increasing it by 25 basis points. Despite the fine balance of arguments, the Board saw it fit to raise the interest rates by 25bps to 3.85%, due to upside risks in inflation and tight labour market.

          Data available in the month leading up to the meeting confirmed significant inflationary pressures and highlighted upside risks to the inflation outlook. The Board was concerned that if these risks materialised, it would “further delay the return of inflation to target levels” and potentially trigger a “damaging shift in inflation expectations”.

          While acknowledging considerable uncertainties surrounding the economic outlook, particularly with respect to household consumption, the Board’s strong commitment to price stability and the necessity of anchoring inflation expectations tipped the scales in favour of a rate hike.

          Looking forward, the Board indicated that “further increases in interest rates may still be required”, depending on the evolution of the economy and inflation.

          Full RBA minutes here.

          Australian consumer sentiment plunges in May following unexpected RBA rate hike

            Australia Westpac Consumer Sentiment Index dropping sharpy by -7.9% from 85.8 to 79.0 in May. This decline brings the index close to the grim levels observed in March, which were the lowest since COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 and, prior to that, since the severe recession of early 1990s.

            The unexpected decision by RBA to raise the cash rate by an additional 0.25% in May, as well as the Federal Budget, were cited by Westpac as the two main factors impacting consumer sentiment over the last month.

            Westpac stated, “Interest rates were again a key driver of the May survey. The RBA raised the official cash rate by a further 0.25% at its May meeting in the week before the survey. The move came as a major surprise to markets and most commentators, clearly stoking consumer fears of more increases to come.”

            Looking ahead, Westpac predicts that RBA will likely pause in June, awaiting further data on inflation and the state of the economy. While the bank’s central view anticipates the current cash rate will remain at its peak due to economic weakness and clear progress toward the Board’s inflation target, it acknowledges that the risks are still “evenly balanced”.

            Full Australia Westpac consumer sentiment release here.

            BoE Pill: Self-sustaining, second-round-effect momentum could keep inflation high

              BoE Chief Economist, Huw Pill, voiced his concern about the enduring momentum of inflation in the UK during an online event yesterday. Pill warned of the risk of a self-sustaining inflation cycle, where despite the dissipation of key short-term inflation drivers like rising energy and food costs, businesses and workers would continue to seek substantial price and wage increases.

              He said, “The risk is … that self-sustaining, second-round-effect momentum within the UK economy keeps inflation running at above-target levels.”

              This trend could still align with a significant drop in headline inflation, Pill noted, but he expressed concern that headline inflation could stagnate at around 4% or 5% over the next two to three years.

              “That’s still compatible with quite a big fall in headline inflation, but maybe headline inflation – other things equal – getting stuck at that 4%, 5% level over the next two or three years,” he clarified.

              Meanwhile, Pill also highlighted the potential of AI to increase productivity and, subsequently, living standards. He emphasized, “Using AI to make ourselves more productive is one example of how we can do that to boost living standards. This is a win-win if we all get better off because we’re all more productive.”

              Fed’s Barkin questions “whether we need to do more”

                Richmond Fed President Thomas said yesterday that he is unconvinced that inflation will taper off rapidly with only a marginal economic slowdown. Barkin stated, “You could tell yourself a story where inflation comes down relatively quickly … with only a modest economic slowdown.”

                He quickly added, “But I’m not yet convinced … I do wonder whether we’re not going to need more impact on demand to bring inflation down to where we need to go.”

                Barkin stayed open-minded about Fed’s policy direction at the upcoming June 13-14 meeting. Despite having raised the policy rate by 5 percentage points since March 2022, Barkin isn’t ruling out the possibility of another hike.

                In terms of the labor market, Barkin noted the shift from what he described as “red hot” to merely “hot.” He asserted, “On the unemployment side, I think you could fairly say it’s moved from red hot to hot, right? There’s nothing about 3.4% unemployment that feels … cool.”

                Despite the gradual effects of rate hikes beginning to show, Barkin emphasized that the job market remains robust and inflation persistent. He admitted, “I’m still seeing data that suggests a hot job market and enduring inflation,” leading him to believe inflation could persist longer than market measures suggest. Therefore, he concluded, “I’m still looking to ask myself the question whether we need to do more.”

                Separately, Minneapolis Fed President Neel Kashkari said the central bank probably has “more work to do on our end, to try to bring inflation back down,” adding that “we should not be fooled by a few months of positive data.”

                 

                 

                Fed’s Goolsbee highlights yet to be seen impact of Rate Hikes

                  In an interview with CNBC, Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee noted that the full impact of the 500 basis points increase executed over the past year has yet to fully materialize. He expressed concern over the tight credit conditions that currently prevail and urged careful monitoring of the economic landscape.

                  Goolsbee mentioned that his support for a rate hike earlier this month was a “close call.” He stated, “The thing that made it a close call for me is this big question mark about what is going to be the impact of this on credit conditions.”

                  US Empire State business conditions index plunges, fueling recession fears

                    In a significant downturn, New York Fed Empire State Business Conditions Index plummeted to -31.8 in May, a drastic drop of -42.6 points from its April reading of 10.8. This disappointing figure significantly underperforms market expectations of -1.9, and any reading below zero signals deteriorating conditions.

                    This precipitous drop comes just a month after the index defied expectations with a 35.4 point surge to 10.8 in April. The recent plunge not only eradicates last month’s gains but also heightens concerns about a potential recession.

                    In parallel with the overall index, new orders sub-index fell a whopping -53.1 points to -28 in May, effectively erasing the sharp 46.7 point increase seen in April. Additionally, shipments index witnessed a substantial decline, falling -40.3 points to -16.4, negating the 37.3 point gain from the previous month.

                    Interestingly, amid this overall downturn, the six-month expectations measure managed to tick up slightly, gaining 3.2 points to reach 9.8.

                    Full New York Fed Empire State survey release here.

                    Fed’s Bostic indicates bias towards further hikes, no cut until well into 2024

                      In an interview with CNBC, Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic emphasized the importance of combating inflation, which he deems as “job No. 1”. He expressed his readiness to bear the cost necessary to achieve the Fed’s target, underscoring the need for a more aggressive stance on rate hikes given the current economic scenario.

                      Bostic stated, “What we’ve seen is that inflation has been persistently high, consumers have been really resilient in terms of their spending, and labor markets remain extremely tight. All of those suggests that there’s still going to be upward pressure on prices.” His comments highlight the ongoing pressures that may trigger further inflationary spikes.

                      He showcased leaning towards a proactive approach in dealing with inflation, stating, “If there’s going to be a bias to action, for me it would be a bias to increase a little further as opposed to cut.”

                      Bostic remained confident in Fed’s policy measures, asserting, “There’s still a lot of confidence that our policies are going to be able to get inflation back down to our 2% target.” He made clear Fed’s determination to ensure this target is met, even if it means holding off on rate cuts until well into 2024.

                       

                      EU Spring Forecast: Upgraded GDP growth and inflation

                        In its Spring 2023 Economic Forecast, European Commission presented a cautiously optimistic outlook for the Eurozone, with GDP growth projections revised upwards to 1.1% and 1.6% for 2023 and 2024 respectively. This positive adjustment, credited to a stronger-than-expected start to the year, exceeds winter forecasts of 0.9% in 2023 and 1.5% in 2024.

                        However, the report did not shy away from the challenges posed by inflation. Persisting core price pressures have led the Commission to revise its inflation forecasts for Eurozone to 5.8% in 2023 and 2.8% in 2024, up from winter’s projected 5.6% and 2.5% respectively. On an annual basis, core inflation is set to average 6.1% in 2023 before falling to 3.2% in 2024, remaining above headline inflation in both forecast years.

                        While the overall picture painted by the Commission is one of steady recovery, it also acknowledges increase in downside risks to economic outlook. The report warned that persistent core inflation could continue to squeeze household purchasing power and necessitate stronger response from monetary policy, leading to wider macro-financial implications.

                        Potential threats also include renewed financial stress, which could trigger tightening of lending standards, and exacerbation of inflation by expansionary fiscal policies.

                        The forecast also flagged the ongoing turmoil in the banking sector and broader geopolitical tensions as possible sources of further economic challenges. On the other hand, the Commission noted that more favorable developments in energy prices could lead to a faster decline in headline inflation, boosting domestic demand.

                        Full EU Spring 2023 Economic Forecast here.

                        Eurozone industrial production down -4.1% mom in Mar

                          Eurozone industrial production contracted -4.1% mom in March, much worse than expectation of -1.2% mom. Production of capital goods fell by -15.4% mom, intermediate goods by -1.8% mom, energy by -0.9% mom and non-durable consumer goods by -0.8% mom, while production of durable consumer goods rose by 2.8% mom.

                          EU industrial production declined -3.6% mom. Among Member States for which data are available, the largest monthly decreases were registered in Ireland (-26.3%), Sweden (-3.9%) and Germany (-3.1%). The highest increases were observed in Finland (+3.0%), Slovenia (+2.3%), Czechia and Slovakia (both +1.7%).

                          Full Eurozone industrial production release here.

                          Japan cabinet office stresses importance of avoiding relapse into deflation

                            Japan cabinet office stresses importance of avoiding relapse into deflation Japan’s Cabinet Office emphasized, at a meeting of the government’s economic council, the need for stability and sustainability in these positive signs to ensure that Japan does not fall back into a deflationary spiral. They stated, “While there have been some positive signs in recent data, we must ensure they are stable and sustainable so that Japan won’t revert to deflation.”

                            In a separate discussion involving academics and private-sector experts, some participants called for BoJ to end quantitative easing once inflation stabilizes around its 2% target. Meanwhile, some participants suggested BoJ should mull over altering its extraordinary stimulus measures if inflation and wages continue their upward trajectory.

                            Prime Minister Fumio Kishida emphasized the need for a coordinated approach between the government and the BoJ amidst the growing uncertainty surrounding the economic outlook. He said, “We’re aiming to pull Japan out of deflation and achieve sustained, private demand-driven economic growth” by influencing public perceptions that growth and inflation will continue to rise.

                            ECB de Guindos indicates final phase of monetary policy tightening

                              In an interview with Il Sole 24 Ore, ECB Vice President Luis de Guindos highlighted the central bank’s shift towards a more conventional monetary policy approach, stating, “We have now entered the home stretch of our monetary policy tightening path,” adding, “And that’s why we are returning to normality, to 25 basis-point steps.”

                              He reiterated ECB’s position that future policy decisions will be determined on a meeting-by-meeting basis, reliant on incoming data. The decisions will hinge on “the evidence of how the tightening of financing conditions has worked — and on the path of inflation, headline and core,” Guindos explained. He voiced concern over service prices, which constitute a significant portion of core inflation.

                              Guindos also pointed to the impact of quantitative tightening, noting it “has led to an increase of 60-70 basis points in ten-year government bond yields.”

                              NIESR forecasts UK GDP to bounce back by 0.3% in Apr

                                National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) forecasts a modest rebound in UK’s monthly GDP in April with growth of 0.3%, largely driven by services sector. However, this is viewed as a modest increment rather than the robust ‘jump-start’ the UK economy may need. Paula Bejarano Carbo, Associate Economist at NIESR, highlighted the situation as “(welcome) low growth”.

                                Meanwhile, the think tank significantly downgrades annual GDP outlook for 2023 to a mere 0.3%, a stark contrast to 4.1% achieved in 2022. This economic stagnation is attributed to persistently high inflation and interest rates, which continue to weigh heavily on household and corporate budgets, and is expected to suppress demand in the forthcoming months.

                                The forecast paints a paradoxical picture of the UK’s economic future. While there is cautious optimism as it appears the worst of the energy price shock has passed and the country seems poised to avoid an imminent recession, the subdued outlook suggests that it will feel like a recession for many households. NIESR predicts an average fall in real personal disposable incomes of approximately 2% over the next three years, further pressuring households already grappling with the economic challenges.

                                Full NIESR release here.

                                Fed Bowman suggests potential for further monetary tightening

                                  Fed Governor Michelle Bowman highlighted concerns over persistently high inflation and a tight labor market. In a speech, she suggested the need for additional monetary policy tightening should these conditions persist.

                                  She stated, “The most recent CPI and employment reports have not provided consistent evidence that inflation is on a downward path, and I will continue to closely monitor the incoming data as I consider the appropriate stance of monetary policy going into our June meeting.”

                                  She emphasized the necessity of a “sufficiently restrictive” policy stance to curtail inflation over time, especially if inflation remains elevated and the labor market continues to be tight.

                                  She further added, “I also expect that our policy rate will need to remain sufficiently restrictive for some time to bring inflation down and create conditions that will support a sustainably strong labor market.”

                                  Despite her clear inclination towards policy tightening, Governor Bowman was careful to stress the uncertainty of economic outlook and the adaptability of Fed’s policy actions.

                                  “Of course, the economic outlook is uncertain and our policy actions are not on a preset course,” she concluded, indicating Fed’s readiness to adjust its approach as necessary in response to evolving economic conditions.

                                  Full speech of Fed Bowman here.

                                  UK GDP contracted -0.3% mom in March; services main contributor to decline

                                    UK GDP saw a contraction of -0.3% mom in March, significantly underperforming against expectations of being flat. The contraction was primarily driven by the services sector, which slipped by -0.5% in the month, following an unrevised dip of 0.1% in February.

                                    However, not all areas of the economy were in decline. Production output experienced its strongest monthly growth since May 2021, with a 0.7% increase in March, rebounding from a 0.1% fall in February. Similarly, construction sector showed modest growth of 0.2% in March, albeit much slower than February’s robust 2.6% rise.

                                    On a quarterly basis, GDP growth for Q1 met expectations at 0.1% qoq. In output terms, services sector eked out 0.1% growth over the quarter, fueled by advancements in information and communication, and administrative and support service activities. Construction sector also saw growth at 0.7%, while the production sector managed a marginal 0.1% increase, with a slightly better 0.5% growth in manufacturing.

                                    Year-on-year, the implied GDP deflator for Q1 2023 rose by 6.3%, indicating a slowdown from the 7.3% seen in Q4 2022. This suggests a softening of inflationary pressures within the UK economy over this period.

                                    Full UK monthly GDP release here.

                                    Full UK quarterly GDP release here.

                                    RBNZ survey sees notable decline in inflation expectations, NZD/USD tumbles

                                      According to RBNZ Q2 Survey of Expectations (Business), inflation expectations for the year ahead took a notable dip, marking the largest drop since June 2020. The one-year-ahead inflation expectation declined by -83 basis points, moving from 5.11% down to 4.28%.

                                      Further into the future, expectations for inflation over a two-year period also demonstrated a decrease. The mean two-year-ahead inflation expectation fell by -51 basis points from 3.30% to 2.79%, placing it back within RBNZ’s target band of 1-3% for the first time since December 2021. The survey also found that the spread of responses has narrowed compared to the previous quarter, with a lower quartile of 2.00% and an upper quartile of 3.00%.

                                      The survey’s respondents also projected changes in the Official Cash Rate. By the end of June 2023, the OCR is expected to rise to 5.47%, an increase of 58 basis points from the last quarter’s mean estimate of 4.89%. However, expectations suggest the OCR will fall back to 4.84% by March 2024, down from the previous quarter’s estimate of 5.00%.

                                      NZD/USD falls notably after the release and broke through 55 4H EMA decisively. The development suggests that rebound from 0.6110 has completed at 0.6383. More importantly, whole corrective pattern from 0.6083 might finished in a three-wave structure too. Deeper decline is now in favor back to retest 0.6083/6110 support zone. Decisive break there will resume whole fall from 0.6537. Meanwhile, break above 0.6302 minor resistance will mix up the near term outlook first.

                                      Full RBNZ Survey results here.

                                      Copper plummets on China outlook, may drag down AUD/USD

                                        Copper prices experienced a precipitous drop this week, puncturing 3.8229 support level and reaching a nadir last seen in November. This sell-off was largely catalyzed by a stark contraction in Chinese import data, which plummeted by -7.9% yoy in April. Specifically, copper imports in the first four months lagged -13% behind 2022’s pace.

                                        This downward trend was exacerbated by release of China’s CPI data, which showed a meager 0.1% yoy rise in April – the lowest since February 2021. Additionally, China’s PPI took a nosedive by -3.6%, marking the steepest descent since May 2020.

                                        These data, combined with recent PMI figures indicating a contraction in manufacturing in April, paint a picture of a modest post-lockdown rebound at best, with risks skewed to the downside.

                                        From a technical perspective, resumption of fall from 4.3556 puts immediate focus on 100% projection of 4.3556 to 3.8229 from 4.1743 at 3.6416. Should this level provide strong support and instigate a rebound through 3.950 resistance level, there’s potential for a bullish resurgence leading to another rise above 4.3556. This would likely resume the whole rebound from 3.1314.

                                        However, sustained break of 3.6416 could prompt downside acceleration towards 161.8% projection at 1.3124. It’s premature to anticipate resumption of the whole fall from 5.0332. Decline from 4.3556 might just be the second leg of the pattern from 3.1314, even in a bearish scenario. But that would depend on the downside momentum of the move.

                                        Furthermore, should the bearish Copper scenario materialize with a firm break of 3.6416 Fibonacci projection, AUD/USD could be dragged down through 0.6563 support level, thereby resuming the overall decline from 0.7156.

                                        New Zealand BNZ PMI rose to 49.1, but struggles continue

                                          New Zealand’s manufacturing sector is continuing to grapple with challenges as BusinessNZ Performance of Manufacturing Index edged up to 49.1 in April, from 48.1 in March, remaining below neutral 50.0 mark that separates expansion from contraction.

                                          While the index ticked higher, five of the last seven months have seen contraction, indicating ongoing stress in the sector. In fact, the proportion of negative comments rose to 70.3% in April, compared with 63.2% in March and 60.2% in February. Manufacturers expressed concerns over price pressures, staffing issues, and lower demand, mirroring the broader economic challenges faced by the country.

                                          Digging deeper into the data, we see that production rose from 43.4 to 47.0 and employment edged up from 47.3 to 47.8. New orders also improved, rising from 46.9 to 49.8, but these sub-indexes remained in contraction territory. Finished stocks increased from 48.5 to 52.5, while deliveries dropped from 53.9 to 51.5.

                                          Catherine Beard, BusinessNZ’s Director of Advocacy, commented on the tough conditions, noting the stresses and strains of the wider economy appear to be playing out in the manufacturing sector. She further added that despite the overall activity not straying too far into contraction, the sector seems unable to regain expansion mode, with key indicators of production and new orders failing to return positive results in April.

                                          Full NZ BNZ PMI release here.