ECB Vice President Luis de Guindos assured yesterday that “There is no doubt headline inflation will continue to ease”. However, he added a note of caution, “But there are more doubts about underlying inflation.”

De Guindos expressed particular concern about the inflation trend in service prices, a sector showing increased momentum due to rising demand and accelerating salary increases. “What worries me the most in the underlying inflation trend is the trend in service prices,” he revealed. “Momentum in services… is rising. There’s demand and that’s because salary increases are accelerating.”

When discussing future interest rate hikes, de Guindos stated, “There could be more interest rate hikes, but their size will depend on upcoming data and the effect tighter credit will have on economic activity.”

Market expectations lean towards a 25bps increase at the June meeting, with a potential additional hike by summer’s end, followed by rate cuts in early next year. However, de Guindos urged caution in predicting these outcomes. “Don’t believe anybody who tells you what the terminal rate is going to be,” he said. “I don’t feel comfortable or uncomfortable but markets can be wrong about this.”

ECB President Christine Lagarde said in a Nikkei interview, “we are determined to tame inflation, to bring it back to our 2% medium-term target in a timely manner.” She acknowledged that “we have made a sizable adjustment already. But we still have more ground to cover”.

Highlighting the importance of data, Lagarde said, “Our reaction function will be anchored in the inflation outlook, the dynamics of underlying inflation and the strength of monetary policy transmission, and this will dictate our decisions going forward.”

She emphasized ECB’s focus on headline inflation as the critical measure to ensure price stability. “That’s our thermometer, that’s what we are committed to doing,” she stated.

However, Lagarde also pointed to the relevance of additional inflation measures. “Core” inflation is one such measure, but others exist, such as those that exclude more volatile items or focus more on domestic inflation pressures.

She explained, “It’s to arrive at the ‘heart’ of inflation, the most persistent element in those price indexes that can help us understand where headline inflation is likely to settle in the medium term.”

Lagarde cautioned that significant upside risks to inflation outlook still exist, and the path of inflation remains uncertain. Therefore, she stressed the need for the ECB to be “extremely attentive to those potential risks.”

Full interview transcript of ECB Lagarde here.

In an interview with Greece’s Imerisia, ECB Governing Council member Yannis Stournaras indicated that while the end of the tightening cycle was in sight, it was not yet complete.

“We’re close to the end,” Stournaras remarked. But, “we’re not there yet, so I agree with Madame Lagarde that we still have some distance to go.”

Stournaras acknowledged the inherent uncertainty in projecting the number of additional rate hikes, with such decisions being heavily influenced by inflation forecasts, economic growth and the state of financial conditions.

“We can’t yet say how many more rate hikes will happen,” he said, tempering expectations for a concrete timeline. “As things stand today and if nothing dramatically changes, we can say that in 2023 rate hikes will end.”

He also emphasized the persistence of current or potentially higher rates, a measure deemed necessary until inflation approaches the 2% target. “Rates will remain where they are today or higher for some time until inflation comes very close to the 2% target,” he clarified.

In an interview with Deutschlandfunk radio, Bundesbank President Joachim Nagel painted a cautiously optimistic picture of ECB’s monetary policy landscape, implying that restrictive measures were beginning to bear fruit.

“We’re coming to the home stretch in the sense that we are reaching the area in monetary policy that’s considered restrictive,” Nagel noted, suggesting that ECB’s tightened policy stance was close to hitting its intended mark. He asserted his confidence that the monetary policy was indeed manifesting its effect.

However, he was quick to emphasize that ECB’s task was far from complete. “But we are not done hiking yet,” he added, “There is still work to be done on core inflation.”

Nagel emphasized the importance of staying the course with the current monetary policy, urging persistence. “We need to stay stubborn,” he said, reinforcing his commitment to seeing the central bank’s measures through.

Addressing concerns about the potential impact of the ongoing banking sector upheaval in the US on German banks, Nagel sought to allay fears. “German banks are in a fundamentally solid position,” he assured, indicating that he did not share the prevailing apprehensions over the stability of German banks.

ECB Executive Board member Isabel Schnabel reaffirmed the bank’s commitment to stringent measures to restore inflation to 2% target during an event in Frankfurt yesterday. Citing current data, she stated, “there is no doubt that we have to do more to bring inflation back to our 2% target in a timely manner.”

Schnabel emphasized ECB’s readiness to “raise rates decisively until it becomes clear that core inflation is also declining on a sustained basis.” This stance aligns with recent remarks by ECB President Christine Lagarde, who Schnabel notes, “has made it absolutely clear that the slowdown in rate hikes is not an indication that we’ll stop raising rates any time soon.”

Contrary to market expectations for potential rate cuts this year, Schnabel argued such predictions were “highly unlikely for the foreseeable future,” pointing to the likelihood of prolonged high rates.

She observed that inflation momentum in Eurozone remained high for all items except energy, and price pressures were spreading across most consumption basket components. Despite the fading supply-side shocks from bottlenecks and energy prices, Schnabel highlighted the strength of the labor market, the uptick in wage growth, and high corporate profit margins. These factors underline the complex economic the ECB must navigate to achieve its inflation target.