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US business activity accelerated at the start of the third quarter, with S&P Global's Flash Composite PMI Output Index rising from 51.9 to 53.6 in July, its highest level in eight months. The improvement was driven by the services sector, where the Business Activity Index climbed from 51.2 to 53.6, also an eight-month high. Manufacturing, however, showed signs of losing momentum. The Manufacturing PMI edged down from 53.9 to 53.8, while the Manufacturing Output Index fell sharply from 56.2 to 53.6, marking a four-month low as earlier inventory-driven strength began to fade.

According to S&P Global Market Intelligence Chief Business Economist Chris Williamson, the survey is consistent with the US economy expanding at an annualized pace of around 2.0% in the third quarter, improving from the roughly 1.2% pace signaled for the second quarter. Businesses also returned to hiring for the first time in three months, pointing to improving labor demand. However, Williamson cautioned that some of July's strength may prove temporary, with spending boosted by the FIFA World Cup and USA 250 anniversary celebrations.

More importantly, the survey highlighted renewed signs of cost pressures emerging beneath the surface. Manufacturers reported intensifying supply chain delays and a renewed increase in input prices as inventory accumulation lost momentum. Williamson warned that the latest escalation in the Middle East is likely to aggravate supply disruptions and inflation pressures further, raising downside risks for growth. The data therefore suggest the US economy entered the third quarter on firmer footing, but the durability of that improvement will depend heavily on whether geopolitical tensions evolve into another sustained energy and supply-chain shock.

Economic Data

Key Takeaways

• US private-sector activity accelerated in July, with the Composite PMI rising to an eight-month high of 53.6.
• Services led the improvement, with business activity also reaching an eight-month high.
• Manufacturing remained in expansion but lost momentum as earlier inventory building began to fade.
• Employment increased for the first time in three months, pointing to firmer labour demand.
• S&P Global estimates the survey is consistent with annualized GDP growth of around 2.0% in Q3, up from roughly 1.2% signaled for Q2.
• Temporary factors, including spending related to the FIFA World Cup and USA 250 celebrations, may have boosted July activity.
• Manufacturers reported worsening supply chain delays and renewed input-cost inflation.
• Escalating Middle East tensions are expected to intensify supply disruptions and price pressures, posing downside risks to growth.

Full US PMI flash release here.

UK private-sector activity returned to expansion in July, with the Flash Composite PMI rising to 52.1 from 49.3, its highest level in three months. Both manufacturing and services improved, marking the first expansion in overall business activity since April. The survey points to a firmer start to the third quarter, supported by stronger domestic demand and resilient export activity.

Manufacturing remained the standout performer. The Manufacturing Output Index climbed to 53.6 from 52.6, its highest level in 22 months, while the Manufacturing PMI edged up to 52.8 from 52.5. Services also returned to growth, with the Business Activity Index rising to 51.8 from 48.8, helped by warm weather, the FIFA World Cup and stronger domestic tourism. However, S&P Global noted that services growth remained relatively subdued as cost-of-living pressures continued to weigh on household spending, while part of the manufacturing strength reflected precautionary inventory building linked to Middle East-related supply chain disruptions.

The survey also pointed to easing price pressures as lower oil prices during the first half of July helped moderate input costs, reducing immediate pressure on Bank of England to tighten policy further. Nevertheless, inflation remained elevated due to the broader energy shock and supply constraints, while businesses continued to reduce headcount as higher costs weighed on hiring.

Business confidence improved during the survey period as geopolitical tensions temporarily eased, but renewed instability in the Middle East and rising oil prices could yet challenge both the inflation outlook and the durability of the recovery.

Economic Data

Key Takeaways

• UK Composite PMI rose from 49.3 to 52.1, moving back into expansion territory for the first time since April and signaling a stronger start to Q3.
• Manufacturing continued to outperform services, with the Manufacturing Output Index climbing to 53.6, its highest level in 22 months.
• Manufacturing PMI edged up from 52.5 to 52.8, indicating factory activity remained firmly in expansion.
• Services returned to growth, with the Business Activity Index rising from 48.8 to 51.8, supported by warm weather, the FIFA World Cup and stronger domestic holiday spending.
• Manufacturing growth was also supported by precautionary inventory building, as firms sought to mitigate supply chain risks linked to the Middle East conflict, raising questions about the sustainability of the recent factory rebound.
• Input cost inflation eased during the first half of July as oil prices softened, reducing immediate pressure on the Bank of England to tighten policy further.
• However, businesses continued to report elevated cost pressures, ongoing job losses and uncertainty related to energy markets and geopolitical tensions.
• Business optimism improved to its highest level in several months, though renewed increases in oil prices and shipping disruptions could quickly reverse recent gains.

Full UK PMI flash release here.

Eurozone business activity returned to expansion in July, with the Flash Composite PMI rising to 51.9 from 50.0, its highest level in five months and signaling the first increase in private-sector output in four months. The improvement was broad-based, driven by a rebound in services and a further acceleration in manufacturing, suggesting the economy has entered the third quarter on firmer footing after stagnating through much of Q2.

Manufacturing was the standout performer. The Manufacturing PMI rose to 52.0 from 51.4, while the Manufacturing Output Index climbed to 53.0 from 51.7, marking the strongest production growth since March 2022. Services also returned to expansion, with the Services PMI Business Activity Index rising to 51.6 from 49.4 after three consecutive months of contraction. According to S&P Global, stronger demand lifted activity across sectors and was accompanied by the first increase in employment this year, while business confidence improved to its highest level since February.

Regional performance also became more encouraging. Germany returned to growth for the first time in four months, with its Composite PMI rising to 51.2 from 49.5, supported by a surge in manufacturing where the output index jumped to 54.7, the highest in more than four years. France remained the weakest of the major economies, but its Composite PMI improved to 49.6 from 47.2, indicating that the downturn moderated considerably. Meanwhile, the rest of the Eurozone recorded its strongest expansion in eight months, pointing to a broader improvement beyond the region's two largest economies.

The survey also offered encouraging news on inflation. Input cost pressures eased to their lowest level since the outbreak of the Middle East conflict, helping moderate selling price inflation across both manufacturing and services. That should reduce immediate pressure on ECB to tighten policy further. Nevertheless, the outlook remains closely tied to developments in the Middle East. Renewed increases in oil prices and rising shipping disruptions could quickly revive inflationary pressures and disrupt supply chains, threatening what is still a fragile recovery.

Economic Data

Eurozone Flash PMI (July)

Germany Flash PMI (July)

France Flash PMI (July)

Key Takeaways

• Eurozone Composite PMI rose from 50.0 to 51.9, the highest in five months, signaling the first expansion in business activity in four months.
• Manufacturing remained the main growth engine, with the Manufacturing Output Index climbing to 53.0, the strongest reading since March 2022.
• Services also returned to expansion, with the Business Activity Index rising from 49.4 to 51.6 after three months of contraction.
• Germany returned to expansion for the first time in four months, driven by a sharp acceleration in manufacturing output to a 53-month high.
• France remained just below the 50 threshold, but the pace of contraction eased significantly as services stabilized.
• The broader euro area outside Germany and France recorded its strongest expansion in eight months, suggesting the recovery is becoming more widespread.
• Firms reported the first increase in employment this year, supported by stronger demand and improved business confidence.
• Input cost inflation eased to its lowest level since the Middle East conflict began, helping moderate selling price inflation and reducing immediate pressure on the ECB to tighten policy further.
• Rising oil prices and shipping disruptions linked to Middle East tensions remain the principal downside risk to the recovery, with renewed energy inflation capable of derailing the nascent rebound.

Full Eurozone PMI flash release here.