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ECB research published in a blog post argued that tariffs are more likely to drag on inflation than fuel it, as the hit to demand outweighs any inflationary impact from disrupted supply chains. ECB economists found that weaker export demand exerts a net disinflationary effect on the Eurozone economy.

According to the study, a tariff-related shock that reduces Eurozone exports to the US by 1% ultimately lowers the consumer price level by around 0.1%, with the effect peaking roughly one and a half years after the shock. The analysis comes as trade data already show material deterioration. In the latest three months for which figures are available, Eurozone exports to the U.S. were down around 6.5% compared with a year earlier.

For policy, the ECB noted that sectors hit hardest by tariffs — including machinery, autos and chemicals — are also among the most sensitive to interest rate changes. Output in these industries may fall sharply after trade shocks, but responds strongly to lower borrowing costs.

"We find that this pattern holds for about 60% of the sectors we study – representing roughly 50% of total average euro zone industrial output and of total goods exports to the United States," the economists said.

Full ECB's blog post here.

ECB Vice President Luis de Guindos downplayed concerns over January’s softer inflation print. In an interview with Econostream Media, he said that headline inflation dipping below 2% in early 2026 had been clearly signalled well in advance. He cautioned against overreacting to individual releases, arguing that markets tend to fixate on small deviations. However, "the overall trend is in line with what we had projected," he emphasized

Energy prices came in lower than expected, but de Guindos highlighted elevated volatility in that component. Services inflation continues to move in the “right direction.” Minor downside surprises in services, he said, are not policy-relevant.

On the currency side, de Guindos reiterated that the ECB does not target EUR/USD, but acknowledged its importance for an open economy. Euro’s pullback toward the long-standing 1.16–1.18 range was described as unsurprising and fully embedded in the ECB’s projections.

Even with recent euro gains largely reflecting US dollar weakness, de Guindos played down the implications. The move, he said, “deserves attention” but is far from "dramatic", signalling that exchange-rate developments are unlikely to disrupt the ECB’s wait-and-see stance unless they become materially more persistent or disorderly.

Full interview of ECB's de Guindos here.

Australia’s NAB Business Conditions index slipped modestly from 9 to 7 in January, while Business Confidence edged up from 2 to 3. For the RBA, the report showed a clear easing in inflation pressures. Measures of labor and input costs both softened during the month, while quarterly growth in retail prices slowed sharply to 0.3%, down from 0.5% in December.

NAB economist Michael Hayes noted that cost and price indicators have now fallen to "new post-pandemic lows", reinforcing the view that underlying inflation dynamics are continuing to cool.

At the same time, the survey indicates that the broader economy has not lost much traction. Hayes highlighted that activity has "retained most of its momentum gained through the past year" , even as capacity utilization eased slightly.