Fed Rosengren prefers inflation range targeting

    Ahead of a broad review on monetary policy framework, Boston Fed President Eric Rosengren said he’d prefer a range targeting approach on inflation. That is, Fed could be forced to accept inflation below 2% during recessions. On the other hand, Fed should commit to achieve above 2% inflation in good times. For example a range of 1.5-2.5%.

    Rosengren echoed other platemakers’ comment that the current 2% target is “symmetric”. But in practice, people saw that figure as a “ceiling”. He added, “even though we’re only missing by a little bit it actually does matter if you miss by a little bit on a regular basis.”

    Evans: Fed should embrace inflation above 2%, 50% of time

      Chicago Fed President Charles Evans said on Monday that Fed’s policy has been “successful” in achieving the maximum employment mandate. It’s “less successful” regarding the inflation objective. And to fix this, he added, “Fed must be willing to embrace inflation modestly above 2 percent 50 percent of the time.” For him, he would “communicate comfort” with core inflation at 2.5%, as long as there is “no obvious upward momentum” while the path back to 2% can be “well managed”.

      For now, Evans is still expecting that “some further rate increases may be appropriate over time”. He expects growth to be at around 1.75-2.00% this year. Still he maintained that current patient stance is appropriate given the “heightened uncertainty” including US-China trade war. He also emphasized that “if activity softens more than expected or if inflation and inflation expectations run too low, then policy may have to be left on hold – or perhaps even loosened – to provide the appropriate accommodation to obtain our objectives.”

      CAD dives on BoC Business Outlook Survey, global trade headwinds affecting firms’ operations

        Canadian Dollar tumbles notably after poor results of BoC’s Business Outlook Survey. Business Outlook Survey indicator dropped from 2.31 in Q4 to -0.64 in Q1. It suggested “a softening in business sentiment.”Also, responses to several BOS survey questions moved below their historical averages.

        BoC also warned that global trade headwinds and geopolitical tensions are affecting firms’ operations.

        • Several respondents cited negative impacts on their outlooks from US policy changes and related uncertainty.
        • Some firms reported impediments to their export sales resulting from US protectionism.
        • Other respondents reported that US tax cuts and regulatory differences reduce their competitiveness vis-à-vis US firms.
        • Several firms noted cost increases due either directly or indirectly to tariffs, notably those on steel and aluminum as well as those associated with Canadian countermeasures.
        • Some firms noted that the US–China trade dispute weighs indirectly on their business.

        Overall, respondents citing negative impacts generally have weaker foreign sales expectations, investment intentions and hiring plans than unaffected businesses.

        Full report here.

        US Empire State manfacturing rose to 10.1, but future conditions dropped to 3-year low

          US Empire State manufacturing general business conditions index rose 10.1 in April, up from 3.7 and beat expectation of 8. 33% of respondents reported improved conditions, 23% said worsened. New orders index rose 5pts to 7.5. Shipments rose 1pts to 8.6. However, index for future business conditions dropped a massive -17 pts to 12.4, lowest in more than three years.

          New York Fed noted in the release that growth picked up somewhat but remained fairly subdued. New orders rose slightly, and shipments continued to grow modestly. Delivery times and inventories both increased. Labor market indicators pointed to ongoing employment gains and a small increase in hours worked. The prices paid and prices received indexes moved lower, pointing to a slowing in both input price increases and selling price increases. Indexes assessing the six month outlook suggested that firms were much less optimistic about future business conditions than last month.

          Full release here.

          US asking China to shift tariffs from privileged agriculture to other industries

            According to a Bloomberg report, US is asking China to shift some tariffs away from agricultural goods to other products. And China is in consideration.

            The request came as Trump didn’t want to lift punitive tariffs on China even when a trade deal is made. Yet, Bloomberg said Trump want to “sell any eventual trade deal as a win for farmers ahead of the 2020 election”. But there was no explanation on why the agricultural industry has this special privilege over others. And there is no indications on which industries are going to take the burden, and why.

            It’s also noted that the shift could make it easier for China to ramp up its purchases of US agricultural goods as part of the trade deal. But again, there is no details on whether China will cut imports from others countries, and who they will buy less from.

            At this point, we’ll treat this as a speculation as no one from USTR nor MOFCOM have responded. And we don’t expect them to.

            EU gives final greenlight for trade negotiation with US, except red-line in agriculture

              Today, European Council gave the greenback to start formal trade negotiations with the US on two agreements. One is a trade agreement strictly focused on industrial goods, excluding agricultural products. The other is on conformity assessment to make it easier for companies to prove their products meet technical requirements on both sides of the Atlantic.

              According to a European Commission analysis, the first agreement would increases EU exports to US by 8% and US exports to EU by 9% by 2033. That is, additional gains of €27 billion and €26 billion in EU and U.S. exports respectively.

              European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker said EU is delivered what he has agreed with Trump on July 25, 2018. Juncker added: “We want a win-win situation on trade, beneficial for both the EU and the U.S. Notably we want to slash tariffs on industrial products as this could lead to an additional increase in EU and U.S. exports worth around €26 billion. ”

              Full European Commission statement here.

              At a news conference, Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmstrom said “I will reach out as soon as they wake up in the U.S…. and see if can have more clarity on when we can meet to have the first talks on this… We are ready as soon as they are…  We are definitely determined to do everything we can to finish this during the Juncker Commission”. That is, Juncker’s term ends on October 31.

              Malmstrom also added agriculture is “certainly not” a part of the negotiations. And, “this is a red line for Europe and you’ll not find any mention of this in our mandate.”

              Bundesbank said manufacturing orders literally collapsed, government said no need for stimulus for now

                In the April Monthly Report, Bundesbank said growth picked up only moderately in Q1. Also, the underlying momentum of expansion remained subdued as dragged down by manufacturing downturn. The description of the manufacturing sector are rather dramatic, as orders “literally collapsed” and mode has “significantly deteriorated”.

                Separately, German government spokesman Steffen Seibert said for now there is no need for a stimulus package to reinvigorate the economy. He emphasized Germany has a “very solid budget policy”. And, “we are coupling solid budgets with an increase in investments and this should in the coming years improve the basis for more growth.” Seibert added, “the budget stipulates investment spending that is significantly higher than in the previous legislative period and as such we see no need for a stimulus package.”

                UK May not thinking about general election, Hunt said it’s not time for leadership contest

                  UK Prime Minister Theresa May’s spokesman James Slack said today that she is not thinking about an election for the moment. The cross-party talk with Labour regarding Brexit will continue. The talks are now carried out in “smaller groups” which concentrate on “specific issues”. But there is no timetable for an agreement yet. Meanwhile, no-deal preparation would continue towards the new Brexit deadline on October 31.

                  Foreign Minister Jeremy Hunt also insisted that Conservative party leader contest would only happen after Brexit Withdrawal agreement if voted through the parliament. Hunt added: “There will be a time for all those discussions about whether this shade of person or that shade of person is the right person to take over from the prime minister. But the time for that is when she has announced she’s going and there’s a formal leadership contest.”

                  Hunt also said that “talks we are having with Labour are detailed and I think more constructive than people have thought. ” Also, “they are more detailed and more constructive than people had been expecting on both sides.

                  US watering down demands on SOEs in trade negotiations with China

                    Intellectual property theft, forced technology transfer, market access, and market distortion by subsidies to State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) are among the core issues in US-China trade negotiations. According to a Reuters report quoting unnamed sources, the US is stepping back on its demand regarding SOEs in China.

                    An important tricky point regarding SOEs is that it’s tightly interwind with the Chinese government’s industrial policy. That’s deeply rooted in the fundamental nature of China’s system, a “systematic rival” to major economies in the world as seen by EU. While China is making concessions in other areas, it’s an area that the socialist country won’t concede ground. A source said that “if U.S. negotiators define success as changing the way China’s economy operates, that will never happen”.

                    In addition, China is expected to ramp up purchases of US goods as part of the trade deal. But who’s going to make the purchases? It’s most likely the SOEs which the government has direct control on. Thus, another sources said “the purchasing, for example, reinforces the role of the state sector because the purchasing is all being done through state enterprises.”

                    Trump: Fed hasn’t done it job properly

                      Trump once again attacked the Fed and claimed that it hadn’t done it job properly. His argument was that otherwise, “Stock Market would have been up 5000 to 10,000 additional points, and GDP would have been well over 4% instead of 3%…with almost no inflation.” However, he made no reference to unemployment rate at decades low, while core PCE was close to target. He also complained that “quantitative tightening was a killer, should have done the exact opposite!”.

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                      According to the Federal Reserve Act, Fed’s statutory objectives for monetary policy include “maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates”. Fed’s objectives here in case you’re interested.

                       

                      Mnuchin: US-China trade talks close to final round

                        US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said trade negotiations with China are “close to the final round of concluding issues”. But he emphasized that this is “not a public negotiation”. And it’s a “very, very detailed agreement covering issues that have never been dealt with before”.

                        Mnuchin claim that “this is way beyond anything that looked like a bilateral investment treaty.” He said the two sides are negotiating an agreement with seven chapters that would be “the most significant change in the trading relationship in 40 years.”

                        Also, there will be “real enforcement on both sides”. And he expected the enforcement mechanism to work in “both directions”. “If we don’t, there should be certain repercussions, and the same way in the other direction.”

                        ECB Draghi worried about central bank independence in the most important jurisdiction in the world

                          ECB President Mario Draghi said he’s “certainly worried about central bank independence in other countries, especially… in the most important jurisdiction in the world’. He emphasized, “central banks ought to be left free to choose what’s the best way to comply with the mandate.”

                          He added: “Because if you don’t let them be free, then they’re not accountable. That’s the central banking framework since the 80s everywhere.”

                          On Eurozone economy, he warned that risk of hard Brexit and global trade war continued to “loom large”. But he’s still optimistic that factors weighing down Eurozone growth are waning. And there will be recovery in the second half.

                          SNB Jordan: There room for rate cut, balance sheet and interventions

                            SNB Chairman Thomas Jordan said over the week end that currently, Swiss Franc’s exchange rates were “still highly valued”. But “there is no reason to change monetary policy”. However, he also emphasized SNB has room “to lower interest rates further”, “to use the balance sheet” and “for interventions in foreign exchange markets”.

                            He also added that profits of the banking system have been relatively stable despite SNB’s negative interest rates. Though, it’s still improtant to keep an eye on risks as many major central banks set low or negative interest rates.

                            ECB Draghi warns of external headwinds, Praet expects stabilization

                              ECB President Mario Draghi said “the outlook for the euro area fundamentally depends on global growth momentum”. And he warned “the escalation of trade tensions, the downturn in global manufacturing and a turn in the tech cycle have increased the euro area’s external headwinds.”

                              ECB Chief Economist Peter Praet, on the other hand, sounds relatively more optimistic. He said “there are good reasons to say that the economy is going to stabilize, it’s probably stabilizing somewhere in the second quarter … That’s our scenario and I still believe in that scenario.”

                              On market pricing, Praet said “the OIS curve that came after the Watchers’ conference in Frankfurt is something that fits well with how we think financial conditions should be today”. Overnight Indexed Swap (OIS) curve suggests that money markets are not pricing in a rate hike from ECB for the next 21 months.

                              IMF: US-China trade agreement should be consistent with multilateralism

                                Changyong Rhee, director of the IMF’s Asia and Pacific department warned that if, contrary to market expectations, there is no US-China trade agreement reached, “the market can react quite negatively because they already factor in some agreement will be reached.”

                                He also noted that “our general view is that trade tension has had a negative impact on Asia”. But that’s “mostly still through the financial market … rather than trade flows directly.” However, “as trade tensions escalate more, we are starting to see the trade flows affected.”

                                And, he urged that “the agreement also should be consistent with multilateralism rather than bilateralism between the United States and China.”

                                UK Hammond: Another Brexit referendum is very likely to be put to parliament at some stage

                                  UK Chancellor of Exchequer Philip Hammond said new referendum was “a proposition that could and, on all the evidence, is very likely to be put to parliament at some stage”.

                                  But any new referendum could probably take six months to organize. Thence, time would be tight even though Brexit date is delayed to October 31.

                                  Also, Hammond added: “The government’s position has not changed. The government is opposed to a confirmatory referendum and therefore we would not be supporting it.”

                                  Bundesbank Weidmann: German growth plausible to be just 0.8% this year

                                    Bundesbank President Jens Weidmann warned that German economy could slow sharply in 2019. Growth rate could eventually be lower than 1%. He pointed to IMF’s new projections of just 0.8% for this year and noted that’s entirely plausible. It’s just half the rate of 1.6% Bundesbank projected back in December.

                                    Weidmann also added, “Fiscal policy, as the minister (Finance Minister Olaf Scholz) said, is already expansionary in Germany and we estimate the impact of fiscal policy on GDP for this year to be between one quarter to one half percentage point.”

                                    China import from US dropped massive -31.8% in Q1, healthy trade growth with EU

                                      Latest trade data from China showed that total trade between US and China shrank -15.4% in Q1, comparing with last year, as result of trade war. In particular, imports from US dropped a massive -31.8% yoy in the quarter. On the other hand, imports from Canada jumped 25.9% yoy and imports from Brazil surged 23.8% yoy. Overall trade growth with EU remained healthy.

                                      China trade surplus widened to USD 32.6B in March, well above expectation of USD 8.1B. Exports jumped 14.2% yoy in USD 198.7B, well above expectation of 7.7% yoy. Imports, however, dropped -7.6% yoy to USD 166.0B, much weaker than expectation of -0.1% yoy. Cumulative from January to March, expects rose 1.4% yoy to USD 551.8B. Imports dropped -4.8% yoy USD 475.4B. Trade surplus was at USD 76.3B.

                                      From January to March cumulative, in USD term, with EU:

                                      • Total trade rose 5.9% yoy to USD 162.6B
                                      • Exports to EU rose 8.8% yoy to USD 97.8B.
                                      • Imports from EU rose 1.8% yoy to USD 64.8B.
                                      • Trade surplus was at USD 33.0B.

                                      With US:

                                      • Total trade dropped -15.4% to USD 119.6B.
                                      • Exports to US dropped -8.5% to USD 91.1B.
                                      • Imports from USD dropped -31.8% to USD 28.5B.
                                      • Trade surplus was at USD 62.6B

                                      With AU

                                      • Total trade rose 5.7% to USD 37.9B.
                                      • Exports to AU rose 9.7% to USD 11.0B.
                                      • Imports from AU rose 4.1% to USD 26.9B.
                                      • Trade deficit was at USD 15.9.

                                      Full set of data by country here.

                                      German economy ministry: Less dynamic, but still upward trend

                                        German Economy Ministry said in the April Economic Report today that the economy continues to show a “mixed picture”. Service and construction are “expanding strongly”. However, “global oriented manufacturing is still in a weak phase”.

                                        The reported note that both global industrial production and world trade were on the decline at the end of 2018. And this “continued in January 2019 in industrial production. Trade had a “slightly recovery” but remained below last year’s level.

                                        PMI was at lowest since June 106 while Ifo reflected a “gloomier mood”. And, “in light of the indicators and the accumulation of global risks, international organizations are predicting a less dynamic, but still upward, global trend.”

                                        Also, “industrial economy is likely to remain subdued in the face of declining foreign demand and high international risks.”

                                        Full report here.

                                        IMF Gopinath: Auto tariffs could be more damaging to US-China trade war

                                          IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath warned that auto tariffs could be more damaging to the world economy than US-China trade war. She said on the sidelines of IMF and World Bank annual meeting, “we are concerned about what auto tariffs would do to the global economy at a time when we are more in the recovery phase.”

                                          Trade conflicts of the US and others, including China, EU, Canada and Japan could spill over into the auto sector. And that could have severe damage to the global manufacturing supply chains, She warned, “that would actually be far more costly for the world economy than just the U.S.-China trade tensions that we had.”

                                          In the US, the Commerce Department has already submitted Section 232 national security report on auto imports earlier this year. Trump will have until May 17 to decide whether he wants to extend punitive tariffs from steal to auto, and from rival in China to allies in EU, Canada and Japan.