BoJ’s Noguchi urges patience before Japan’s inflation mindset shifts

    BoJ Board Member Asahi Noguchi, a known dovish, emphasized in a speech today that Japanese society still needs “considerable time” to go before fully adopting a mindset aligned with the central bank’s 2% inflation target. Noguchi highlighted the importance of BoJ maintaining its accommodative monetary policy until this shift in mindset occurs.

    With inflation surpassing the 2% target for over two years and nominal wages rising, Japanese firms are increasingly willing to pass on higher costs through price hikes. However, Noguchi highlighted that real consumption remains weak, as households continue to expect low price growth—a mindset shaped by Japan’s prolonged deflationary period.

    Japan’s PMI services finalized at 53.1, composite at 52.0

      Japan’s services sector continued its expansion in September, although growth eased slightly. The final Services PMI was recorded at 53.1, down from 53.7 in August, marking a sustained rise in business activity for all but one of the past 25 months. Composite PMI, which includes both services and manufacturing, stood at 52.0, down from 52.9 in August, remaining above the 50-neutral threshold for the third consecutive month.

      Usamah Bhatti, economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence, highlighted that the service sector’s strong performance carried into the end of Q3. The average reading for Q3 (53.5) was largely in line with Q1’s average of 53.4, signaling “sustained growth” in the service economy.

      However, the manufacturing sector continued to struggle, weighing on overall private sector performance. While service sector remains a pillar of growth, aggregate new business growth slowed in September, and backlogs of work fell for the fifth consecutive month. The outlook for the wider private sector will depend on how the service economy responds to downside risks, including a stagnating economy.

      Full Japan PMI service final release here.

      ECB’s hawk Schnabel turns attention from inflation to rising growth risks

        ECB Executive Board member Isabel Schnabel, widely known for her hawkish stance, has shifted her tone, adding to growing signals from other officials that the central bank is preparing for a 25bps rate cut this month.

        Schnabel acknowledged in a speech overnight the “headwinds to growth,” pointing to weakening labor demand and progress in disinflation. She noted that a “sustainable fall of inflation back to our 2% target in a timely manner is becoming more likely,” despite persistent inflation in services and strong wage growth.

        Schnabel also highlighted that while the peak impact of monetary tightening is likely behind us and real incomes are rising, the recovery remains fragile. “Growth remains shallow,” she said, with the recovery repeatedly falling short of expectations over the past 18 months.

        In separate remarks, Governing Council member Mario Centeno, a known dove, warned of the “new risk” of inflation undershooting the ECB’s target.

        Centeno cautioned that this could “stifle economic growth,” leading to fewer jobs and reduced investment. A sluggish economy, he said, could create a “vicious cycle,” further driving inflation below the target and compounding economic challenges.

         

        Fed’s Barkin flags risk of inflation getting stuck

          In the remarks overnight, Richmond Fed President Thomas Barkin expressed that he’s still “more concern about inflation” than the labor market. He added due to solid demand and renewed labor market tightness, there are challenges in completing the “last mile” of of the inflation fight.

          While Barkin dismissed the notion of a “big resurgence” in inflation, he acknowledged the “very real risk” of inflation “getting stuck”.

          He stated that he would be optimistic if, by Q1, inflation continued to show signs of stabilization, which would allow Fed to consider moving back to a “neutral” policy stance.

          However, Barkin made it clear that “normalization comes when you’re convinced that inflation hits 2%.” He remains “open-minded” on how quickly rates could fall, leaving room for flexibility depending on future inflation data.

          US ADP employment rises 143K, wage growth slows

            US ADP report for September showed private employment increased by 143k, surpassing expectations of 120k. The goods-producing sector added 42k jobs, while the service-providing sectors contributed 101k new jobs.

            By establishment size, small companies saw a loss of -8k jobs, while medium-sized businesses added 64k and large companies increased their workforce by 86k.

            Wage growth continued to slow, with year-over-year pay gains for job-stayers easing to 4.7%. The decline was more pronounced for job-changers, whose wage growth fell from 7.3% to 6.6%.

            Nela Richardson, ADP’s chief economist, noted that “stronger hiring didn’t require stronger pay growth last month.” She also pointed out that the premium job-changers usually enjoy over job-stayers narrowed to 1.9%, matching the low last seen in January.

            Full US ADP employment release here.

            ECB’s de Guindos cites weaker growth outlook, expects recovery to strengthen over time

              In a speech today, ECB Vice President Luis de Guindos acknowledged that Eurozone growth was weaker than expected in Q2, leading to a downward revision in the growth outlook for the region. He added that risks to growth remain “tilted to the downside”.

              Despite this, de Guindos expressed optimism for the future, expecting the recovery to “strengthen over time”. He cited rising real incomes and the waning impact of restrictive monetary policy as key factors that should bolster consumption and investment. Additionally, he pointed to boost in exports as global demand improves, contributing to the recovery.

              Full speech of ECB’s de Guindos here.

              BoJ’s Ueda vows extremely high vigilance amid domestic and global economic uncertainties

                BoJ Governor Kazuo Ueda reaffirmed today that Japan’s economy is expected to sustain a moderate recovery, which should support underlying inflation in converging toward 2% target over the coming years. However, Ueda did not repeat the usual pledge to continue raising interest rates if inflation moves in line with forecasts, signaling a shift in tone towards a more cautious approach.

                Ueda highlighted the ongoing uncertainties surrounding Japan’s economy and inflation, stating that “uncertainty regarding Japan’s economy and prices remain high.” He also pointed to external risks, noting that the outlook for overseas economies, including the US, remains unclear, while financial markets continue to show signs of instability.

                Given these risks, Ueda emphasized the need for “extremely high vigilance” in assessing economic developments. For now, BoJ will maintain a cautious stance, closely scrutinizing both domestic and global factors before tightening monetary policy again.

                Eurozone unemployment rate unchanged at 6.4%, EU down to 5.9%

                  Eurozone’s unemployment rate was unchanged at 6.4% in August, aligning with market expectations. Meanwhile, EU unemployment rate fell slightly from 6.0% to 5.9%.

                  The report estimates that 13.027m people in EU, including 10.925m in Eurozone, were unemployed in August. Compared with the previous month, unemployment decreased by -108k across EU and by -94k within Eurozone.

                  On an annual basis, the improvement was even more notable. Compared to August 2023, the number of unemployed people dropped by -142k in EU and by -233k in Eurozone.

                  Full Eurozone unemployment rate release here.

                  WTI surges on Middle East Conflict, but viewed as corrective move

                    Oil prices surged overnight, with WTI crude breaking back above 70 as tensions in the Middle East escalated. Iran launched a retaliatory strike on Israel in response to the recent killing of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah and an Iranian commander in Lebanon. This has fueled concerns that Israeli retaliation could target Iran’s oil infrastructure, posing a significant risk to global oil supplies.

                    As Israel shifts its focus from Gaza to Lebanon and Iran, the conflict is entering a phase with greater implications for energy markets. The prospect of disruptions in one of the world’s most critical oil-producing regions has led to heightened market anxiety, with fears of further price increases if the conflict intensifies.

                    Technically, despite the rebound, WTI is seen as extending the near term consolidations pattern from 65.53 only. While further rise cannot be ruled out, outlook will stay bearish as long as 55 D EMA (now at 73.72) holds. Larger down trend is still expected to extend through 65.53 to 63.67 (2023 low) at a later stage. Tentatively, the medium term target is 100% projection of 95.50 to 67.79 from 87.84 at 60.13.

                    However, sustained break of 55 D EMA will argue that a medium bottom was already from, and stronger rebound would be seen back towards 80 psychological level.

                    ECB’s Kazaks: Recent data clearly points towards Oct rate cut

                      ECB Governing Council member Martins Kazaks indicated that recent data “clearly point in the direction of a cut” in interest rates at the upcoming October meeting. Kazaks highlighted the increasing risks to the Eurozone economy, noting that the balance between stubborn inflation, particularly in services, and weak growth is tilting toward the latter.

                      He emphasized that even after another 25bps cut, which would bring the deposit rate to 3.25%, the rate would still “restricts economic activity” and curb inflation in the services sector.

                      Kazaks expressed concern over the “worrying” state of the economy, especially the potential for a sudden weakening of the job market. “If corporates start to shed labor, this snowball may start rolling,” he cautioned, warning of the risks of a tipping point that could exacerbate economic decline.

                      SNB’s Schlegel: Prepared for more rate cuts as inflation downside risks outweigh upside

                        At an event overnight, new SNB Chair Martin Schlegel indicated that the central bank is prepared to continue easing monetary policy if necessary to maintain medium-term price stability, and the central bank “can’t rule out negative rates either.”

                        Schlegel emphasized that SNB sees “downward risks to Swiss inflation as bigger than upward risks,” suggesting that deflationary pressures are a significant concern for the Swiss economy.

                        He also acknowledged the challenges posed by the strong Swiss franc for exporters. However, he pointed out that the primary issue facing Swiss companies is “weak foreign demand,” rather than currency strength alone.

                        Markets are currently pricing in an 85% probability that SNB will lower rates further by 25bps to 0.75% at its December meeting.

                        US ISM manufacturing unchanged at 47.2, continued contraction

                          US ISM Manufacturing PMI was unchanged at 47.2 in September, falling short of expectations of 47.8. This marks the sixth consecutive month of contraction in the manufacturing sector, which has now shrunk in 22 of the past 23 months.

                          Among the key components, new orders showed a modest improvement, rising from 44.6 to 46.1, while production saw a notable jump from 44.8 to 49.8, approaching the neutral 50 level.

                          However, employment declined sharply, dropping from 46.0 to 43.9, with the past three months reflecting some of the weakest employment figures since July 2020. Price pressures also eased significantly, with the prices index falling from 54.0 to 48.3.

                          Historically, the relationship between the ISM Manufacturing PMI and overall economic activity suggests that the September reading of 47.2 corresponds to a modest 1.3% annualized increase in real GDP.

                          Full US ISM manufacturing release here.

                          ECB’s Rehn sees growing case for Oct rate cut

                            ECB Governing Council member Olli Rehn suggested today that slowing inflation and weaker growth prospects in Eurozone has provided “more grounds” for another rate cut at the October meeting.

                            Additionally, Rehn pointed to the “prevailing headwinds” facing economic growth in the Eurozone, noting that these challenges “tilt the scales” toward a more accommodative policy stance.

                            He also cautioned that it is too early to declare a “soft landing” for the economy, as risks to growth remain prominent.

                            Rehn repeated ECB’s data-driven approach, adding, “let’s follow the figures closely and make a comprehensive analysis before making decisions, as always.”

                            Eurozone CPI falls to 1.8% in Sep, CPI core down to 2.7%

                              Eurozone CPI fell from 2.2% yoy to 1.8% yoy in September, below ECB’s 2% target for the first time since 2021. CPI core (ex-energy, food, alcohol & tobacco), ticked down from 2.8% yoy to 2.7% yoy. Both matched expectations.

                              Looking at the main components, services is expected to have the highest annual rate in September (4.0%, compared with 4.1% in August), followed by food, alcohol & tobacco (2.4%, compared with 2.3% in August), non-energy industrial goods (0.4%, stable compared with August) and energy (-6.0%, compared with -3.0% in August).

                              Full Eurozone CPI flash release here.

                              UK PMI manufacturing finalized at 51.5, confidence drops and price pressures rise

                                UK manufacturing sector expanded at a slower pace in September, with the PMI finalizing at 51.5, down from 52.5 in August.

                                According to Rob Dobson, Director at S&P Global Market Intelligence, the sector continues to expand at a “solid, albeit slightly slower, pace,” supported by steady domestic demand. However, growing concerns are emerging, as business confidence for the year ahead has dropped to its lowest level in nine months.

                                The decline in optimism was notable, with only March 2020, just before COVID lockdowns, seeing a sharper fall. Uncertainty surrounding government policy ahead of the Autumn Budget is weighing heavily on sentiment, alongside broader concerns about global geopolitical risks and economic growth risks.

                                Inflationary pressures have intensified, with input cost inflation reaching a 20-month high. Manufacturers are being forced to raise prices as a result, with rising freight costs cited as a major contributor. Ongoing supply chain disruptions, driven by the Red Sea crisis and global conflicts, are exacerbating these price increases, keeping inflationary pressures elevated across the sector.


                                Full UK PMI manufacturing final release here.

                                Eurozone PMI manufacturing finalized at 45, output and orders decline

                                  Eurozone’s PMI Manufacturing was finalized at 45.0 in September, down from 45.8 in August, marking a 9-month low and reflecting further deterioration in the region’s manufacturing sector. Germany posted the weakest performance with a 12-month low PMI of 40.6, while Spain led with a 4-month high of 53.0.

                                  According to Cyrus de la Rubia, Chief Economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank, Eurozone industrial production is expected to decline by around -1% in Q3, with further contractions likely by year-end as new orders continue to fall sharply.

                                  While lower oil and gas prices helped reduce input costs in September, de la Rubia warned that this relief could be temporary given ongoing geopolitical risks in the Middle East, which may lead to another spike in energy prices.

                                  Adding to the challenges, supply-chain disruptions have worsened, despite weakening demand. For the first time since February, businesses reported longer wait times for goods, indicating that geopolitical tensions are affecting both supply chains and production across the Eurozone.

                                  Full Eurozone PMI manufacturing final release here.

                                  Australia’s retail sales rises 0.7% mom in Aug, driven by record warm weather

                                    Australia’s retail sales turnover increased by 0.7% mom in August, surpassing the expected rise of 0.4% mom. On a year-over-year basis, retail sales were up 3.1%. This stronger-than-expected growth was largely attributed to unusually warm weather, which boosted spending on items typically associated with spring.

                                    Robert Ewing, head of business statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), explained that “this year was the warmest August on record since 1910, which saw more spending on items typically purchased in spring.” Categories that saw increased demand included summer clothing, liquor, outdoor dining, hardware, gardening supplies, camping gear, and outdoor equipment.

                                    Full Australia’s retail sales release here.

                                    NZ business confidence surges as firms anticipate more RBNZ rate cuts

                                      NZIER Quarterly Survey of Business Opinion reveals significant improvement in business confidence in New Zealand during Q3. A net 5% of firms now expect deterioration in general economic conditions, a stark improvement from the net 40% expressing pessimism in the June quarter.

                                      Firms are still facing challenges in demand. A net 31% of businesses reported weaker trading activity. However, looking ahead, only a net 2% of firms expect activity to decline in the next quarter.

                                      This shift in sentiment comes as firms anticipate more supportive economic conditions following RNBZ’s decision to begin cutting interest rates in August, with expectations of further reductions in the coming year.

                                      Cost pressures remained present, with a slight increase in the proportion of firms reporting higher costs. However, pricing power has diminished significantly, with only a net 3% of firms able to pass on these costs to consumers, compared to 23% in the previous quarter.

                                      Full NZIER QSBO release here.

                                      Japan’s PMI manufacturing PMI finalized at 49.7, output and new orders in contraction

                                        Japan’s Manufacturing PMI for September was finalized at 49.7, marginally lower than August’s reading of 49.8, signaling continued contraction in the sector.

                                        According to Usamah Bhatti from S&P Global Market Intelligence, the data reflected “muted trends” in Japan’s manufacturing industry. Both output and new orders remained in negative territory, while the rate of job creation “slowed to a crawl.”

                                        While businesses expressed optimism about output growth over the next 12 months, the level of optimism softened, marking the weakest positive outlook since the end of 2022. Some manufacturers highlighted concerns over the “timing of a demand recovery,” reflecting cautiousness in the face of global and domestic uncertainties.

                                        Full Japan PMI manufacturing final release here.

                                        Japan’s Q3 Tankan shows stability in manufacturing, slight gains in non-manufacturing

                                          Japan’s Q3 Tankan Large Manufacturing Index remained steady at 13, unchanged from Q2 and in line with market expectations, indicating stability in the country’s manufacturing sector. Manufacturers’ outlook for the next three months improved slightly to 14, signaling cautious optimism about future business conditions.

                                          Large Non-Manufacturers Index showed a modest rise to 34, up from 33 in June, surpassing expectations of 32. However, the outlook for non-manufacturers over the next three months dipped to 28, reflecting some uncertainty in the service and retail sectors.

                                          Capital spending plans by big companies were revised down, with firms now expecting a 10.6% increase for the fiscal year ending in March 2025. This is below the median forecast of an 11.9% rise and down from an 11.1% forecast three months ago, suggesting some cooling in business investment intentions.

                                          The Tankan survey results will be closely monitored by BoJ as it prepares for its monetary policy meeting on October 30-31, where it will set new growth and inflation forecasts.

                                          Full Japan’s Tankan release here.