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Japan’s producer price index slowed slightly to 2.3% year-on-year in January from 2.4%, matching expectations and suggesting pipeline price pressures are stabilizing. The moderation came despite sharp divergences across components.

Fuel prices dropped -12.9% yoy, providing a significant drag on overall wholesale inflation. In contrast, nonferrous metal prices surged 33%, while agricultural goods rose 22.4%. Food and beverage prices also remained elevated, increasing 4.7% from a year earlier, highlighting persistent cost pressures in parts of the supply chain.

Meanwhile, Yen-based import prices climbed 0.5% yoy, up from a 0.2% gain in December. Despite a recent rebound in the currency, Yen’s broader weakness over recent months has raised the cost of imported energy and raw materials.

RBA Governor Michele Bullock reinforced the hawkish stance at a Senate estimates hearing today, making clear that further tightening remains on the table. “If we need to go up further because inflation is entrenched, the board will do so,” she said, stressing that returning inflation to target remains the central bank’s primary mandate.

Bullock said inflation running “with a three in front of it” is unacceptable. She noted that, at present, total demand is judged to be exceeding the economy’s capacity to supply, helping to explain ongoing inflation pressures. At the same time, she struck a more balanced tone on growth, pointing to the labour market as a key "positive". While productivity remains weak and limits how fast the economy can expand, employment conditions are holding up. “We’re in this position because the economy is actually doing okay,” Bullock said,.

The RBA raised the cash rate by 25 bps last week to 3.85%, reversing one of last year’s cuts, after underlying inflation accelerated to 3.4% in the latest quarter. With forecasts pointing to inflation reaching 3.7% this year, markets now price roughly a 75% chance of another hike to 4.10% at the May meeting.

The BoC left its benchmark overnight rate at 2.25% in January, and the published summary of deliberations underlined how elevated uncertainty has reshaped policy discussions. Members agreed that maintaining "optionality" in setting monetary policy was critical given the unusually turbulent backdrop.

The minutes highlighted that recent geopolitical events — including tensions in Venezuela, Iran and Greenland — along with perceived threats to the independence of the Fede — have amplified global uncertainty. U.S. trade policy, increasingly seen as driven by geopolitical aims, was identified as a key source of unpredictability that could disrupt global supply chains and impact economic activity.

BoC officials also flagged downside risks associated with the upcoming review of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), suggesting that unresolved trade negotiations could weigh on Canadian growth.

Against this backdrop, the minutes reinforce the view that the BoC is likely to stay on hold for now, with flexibility to respond as data evolve.

Full BoC minutes here.