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The yen was last this weak against the US dollar in late April, leading to currency interventions as the Bank of Japan deemed a rate above the psychological mark of 160 yen per USD unacceptable.

The current weakness of the yen has triggered the usual warnings from Japanese officials against "excessive" volatility, which can be interpreted as a sign of a new wave of interventions.

It is noteworthy that following the intervention in late April (when the yen strengthened by 4.5% by the first days of May), it took the market less than two months to negate almost the entire effect of the Bank of Japan's actions. This indicates a strong upward trend (shown in blue), driven by the interest rate differential between Japan and the US.

According to Reuters:

→ The 160.00 level is seen as a red line for the Japanese, considering that yen weakness increases imported inflation and pressures the Bank of Japan (BoJ) to further unwind its ultra-loose policy.

→ The minutes from the latest central bank meeting confirmed extensive discussions about reducing bond purchases and raising rates.

Technical analysis of the USD/JPY chart shows that:

→ In June, the rate is in an upward trend (shown in orange), which has lifted the dollar from the lower to the upper half of the blue channel;

→ The 158.20 level may serve as support (as it is former resistance, reinforced by the median of the blue channel).

It is possible that within the orange channel, the USD/JPY rate could reach the upper boundary of the blue channel and even surpass the multi-month peak of April, making a reaction from the Bank of Japan almost inevitable.

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German Ifo Business Climate fell from 89.3 to 88.6 in June, below expectation of 89.7. Current Assessment index was unchanged at 88.3, below expectation of 88.4. Expectations Index fell from 90.3 to 89.0, below expectation of 91.0.

Ifo said that the German economy is "having difficulty overcoming stagnation".

By sector, manufacturing fell from -6.5 to -9.2. Services rose from 1.8 to 4.2. Trade fell from -17. to -23.5. Construction ticked up from -25.6 to -25.0.

Full German Ifo release here.

On Friday, at 15:30 GMT+3, the Core PCE Price Index values will be released – an economic indicator to which the Federal Reserve pays special attention when assessing inflation levels in the US. This event is likely to cause a surge of news in the financial markets, and its anticipation will influence sentiments throughout the week.

On Monday morning, the S&P 500 Index (US SPX 500 mini on FXOpen) fell to 5465 points after a historical record above 5500 points was set on June 20th. The decline was contributed by Friday’s report from the National Association of Realtors, which showed a drop in existing home sales in May compared to the previous month.

Technical analysis of the daily chart of the S&P 500 Index (US SPX 500 mini on FXOpen) shows that:

→ the price is in a large upward trend that began last year;

→ the price is near the upper boundary of this channel;

→ the price has fallen below the psychological level of 5500;

→ the price is still in the June upward trend (shown in green);

→ the RSI indicator points to some market overbought conditions.

Given these facts, it is reasonable to assume that the S&P 500 Index (US SPX 500 mini on FXOpen) is in a vulnerable position for a pullback from the resistance block formed by the psychological level of 5500 and the upper boundary of the channel. The June upward trend may be broken.

Moreover, a possible correction might take on a threatening character if Friday’s news shows that US inflation is not slowing down – which would strengthen market participants’ belief that the period of high rates will last longer than expected.

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This article represents the opinion of the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand only. It is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation with respect to products and services provided by the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand, nor is it to be considered financial advice.

Market picture

Along with the rest of the cryptocurrency market, Bitcoin is pulling back further into the area of last month’s lows. The sell-off intensified with the start of the new week, pushing total capitalisation back 3.6% in 24 hours to $2.26 trillion, which we last saw on May 13.

Particularly worrying is the rather organised nature of the retreat on all fronts, which reflects the global decline in traction in risk assets.

Bitcoin looks better than many major coins, losing 3.3% on the day to $62.2K. We still don’t see technically important support levels up to the $60K area, but beyond that, it may not be so easy for the bears. In addition to the psychologically significant round level, the 61.8% Fibonacci retracement level is centred in this area. The next sensitive area is near $58K; the 200-day moving average is pulled up here, and there is the lower boundary of the downward range, which has been in force since March.

Ethereum is holding up better than many altcoins, and it is just starting to test the $3300 pivot area. That said, Solana and Litecoin have been at lows since late February, and Cardano has pulled back into the prolonged consolidation area of November. Surprisingly, the Cryptocurrency Fear and Greed Indexes rate the situation as “Neutral.” This makes one think that the bottom is just yet to be reached.

News background

According to Google Trends, retail investors’ interest in bitcoin has been steadily declining since March. Santiment records “extremely negative” investor sentiment towards BTC over the past four weeks, but this could signal a reversal for experienced traders who prefer to go against the tide.

BlackRock, VanEck, Franklin Templeton, Grayscale Investments, Invesco Galaxy, and 21Shares filed updated spot Ethereum-ETF filings with the SEC. The issuers also disclosed initial investments in the Ethereum-ETF.

Digital asset manager 3iQ has applied to register Canada’s first Solana-ETF with a staking fee option (6-8 per cent p.a.). It is planned to be listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE).

US bitcoin miner Marathon Digital Holdings has launched a pilot project in Finland to use the heat generated by cryptocurrency mining for home heating.

The launch of the ZRO token of the LayerZero omnichain protocol triggered an increase in commissions in Arbitrum’s L2 network, which led to a jump in the blockchain’s daily revenue to a record $3.43 million (+16,680%).

Markets

The Japanese yen grabs most attention this morning. Dollar strength pushed USD/JPY last Friday above 159.50 following stronger-than-expected June PMI’s and the pair is still flirting with the 160 mark this morning (34-yr JPY low). This level prompted FX interventions to the tune of almost JPY 10tn by the Japanese Ministry of Finance at the end of April and alarm bells are ringing this time around as well. Vice Finance minister Kanda confirmed preparedness to take appropriate action in the event of excessive FX moves based on speculation. Excessive currency fluctuation negatively impact the national economy, he added. Finance Minister Suzuki later added weight by stressing that the government is watching FX moves closely. Minutes from the June Bank of Japan meeting fail to help the currency even as they bolster the case for a July rate hike: “if deemed appropriate, the central bank should raise the policy rate before it’s too late”. A small Japanese interest rate adjustment obviously doesn’t suffice against a hawkish leaning Fed keeping policy rates at their peak levels for longer.

Most recent French election polls continue pointing to a win for Marine Le Pen’s Rassemblement National in the first round of legislative elections next Sunday. They are forecast to get 35.5% of the vote, ahead of alliance of left-wing parties (Nouveau Front Populaire, 29%) and President Macron’s alliance (Ensemble, 21%). In the projected seat tally, they fail to get an outright majority though (210-250 guestimate in 577-seat parliament). Such hung parliament risks putting France in a political deadlock with RN (Bardella) so far ruling out delivering a PM for a minority government. Political uncertainty could thus remain high after elections with little momentum to put French ailing public finances back on track. The French 10-yr OAT-swapspread continues trading near recent multiyear highs (+45 bps) with French bonds unlikely to pull any comeback soon. The German/French 10-yr yield spread hit 80 bps for the first time since 2012. Euro weakness holds EUR/USD (just) below 1.07 this morning. The YTD low at 1.0601 remains the travel direction. Today’s eco calendar is thin with only German Ifo business climate which will normally reflect Friday’s weakness in PMI’s (political uncertainty). Speeches by ECB and Fed governors are a wildcard. This week’s eco agenda is back-loaded with the Fed’s preferred (May) PCE deflators and first national EMU (June) CPI data on Friday.

News & Views

The IMF in its annual review said that Hungary has come a long way reducing double digit inflation and bringing the current account deficit under control. It expects average annual inflation of 4.2% this year to ease to the 3% central bank target by 2026. But significant challenges remain with the fiscal deficit and debt ratio still well above the pre-pandemic levels. It also said that the windfall taxes introduced in 2022 are increasing market uncertainty and expressed criticism on the country’s “excessively high” and competition-hindering state ownership in key sectors. The IMF lashed out at the government’s interest rate freeze as well, as it distorts market conditions. The Hungarian government recently extended an interest rate cap on retail loans (introduced in Jan 2022) until the end of 2024. The IMF urged Hungary to pursue a credible and growth-friendly fiscal consolidation plan and said the government should help the central bank’s efforts to reduce inflation. The IMF lastly stressed that structural and governance reforms are necessary or risk losing access to the remaining locked up European funds, in turn leading to a higher risk premium, a weaker forint and tighter monetary policy weighing on growth.

China’s fiscal revenue fell 2.8% in the first five months of 2024 compared to the same period last year. It’s also an acceleration from the 2.7% drop in the January-April period and a sign of sluggish demand and the fragile property sector continuing to weigh on the economy. Expenditures rose 3.4% in the five months to May. The government pledged more fiscal stimulus to support the ailing economy and to reach the (ambitious) 5% growth target for this year. Part of the efforts include the recently kicked-off sale of CNY 1tn long-dated special treasury bonds to help fund mega projects in key sectors.

Graphs

GE 10y yield

The ECB cut its key policy rates by 25 bps at the June policy meeting. A more bumpy inflation path in H2 2024, the EMU economy gradually regaining traction and the Fed’s higher for longer US strategy make follow-up moves difficult. Markets are coming to terms with that. For the time being, though, the political narrative (France) dominates. After hitting a new YtD top at 2.7%, the German 10-yr yield corrected lower on safe haven bids.

US 10y yield

The Fed is seeking more evidence than just one slower-than-expected (May) CPI is providing. Upgraded inflation forecasts and a higher neutral rate complicate the exact timing of a first cut further. June dots suggest one move in 2024 followed by four more next year. Markets are positioned more aggressively, turning the recent low in yields into a technical support zone. The US 10-y yield is testing the downside of the 4.2/4.7% trading range.

EUR/USD

EUR/USD is stuck in the 1.06-1.09 range. The desynchronized rate cut cycle with the ECB exceptionally taking the lead, strong US May payrolls and a swing to the right in European elections pulled the pair away from 1.09 resistance. The Fed meeting balanced the weaker than expected US CPI outcome. Euro fragility makes a return to the 1.06 downside more likely than not.

EUR/GBP

Debate at the BOE is focused at the timing of rate cuts. May headline inflation returned to 2%, but core measures weren’t in line with inflation sustainably returning to target any time soon. Still some BoE members at the June meeting appeared moving closer to a rate cut. This might cap further sterling gains. At the same time, the euro remains vulnerable to political event risk going into the French elections. EUR/GBP 0.84 is becoming solid support.

In focus today

The week kicks off in a quiet fashion in terms of data. The German Ifo business sentiment index will most likely mirror the weakness seen in last week's PMIs.

We have a string of ECB speeches throughout the day with high-influence members such as Schnabel, Villeroy and Nagel on the wire. The Fed speakers today include Waller and Daly.

European politics will be the centre of attention this week ahead of the first round of the French parliamentary elections. The most likely scenario is a "hung parliament", which would imply that the worst fears in markets of large spending increases should diminish. The second and final round will be held on 7 July.

On Thursday, we will have the first televised debate between Trump and Biden. The face-off could provide more insights into the ambitions on fiscal policy and regulation.

This week's data calendar is rather limited with the June inflation releases from France, Spain and Italy on Friday among the highlights.

Economic and market news

What happened Friday and over the weekend

Euro area PMIs declined more than expected in June. The composite indicator came in at 50.8 (cons: 52.5, prior: 52.2) with broad-based declines across manufacturing (45.6, prior: 47.3) and services (52.6, prior: 53.2). We do expect the economy to keep growing as services are still doing well amid a decline from a high level. The labour market is strong and real incomes are rising. Manufacturing is also expected to improve as the worst is over, but the rebound seems more fragile now as new orders weakened substantially in June. For the ECB, the slight cooling in the services sector PMIs and a drop in the output price index is welcoming news as the pressure from services inflation has been strong recently.

In the US, PMIs were stronger than expected. For June, both services and manufacturing PMIs beat expectations, as services came in at 55.1 (consensus: 53.7, prior: 54.8), and manufacturing stood at 51.7 (consensus: 51.0, prior: 51.3). The strong report is yet another sign of the continued resilience of the US economy. Both manufacturing input and output prices were lower.

UK PMIs for June were also lower than expected as the composite measure came in at 51.7 (prior: 53.0) with broad-based declines in activity growth across sectors. The BoE tends to place significant weight on the PMIs, and last summer's weak figures were likely a key reason behind the unchanged (vs. hike) decision back in September last year. However, price signals from the report remain sticky and rose at a faster pace than in the previous month, especially in the private sector where firms highlighted the need to cover their costs by increasing prices. We expect the first rate cut from BoE in August.

The leader of the leftist NPF alliance in France, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, said on Friday that the alliance plans to allocate EUR200bn over the next five years to deliver on its promise to roll back Macron's labour and pension reforms and increase minimum wages. EDP will present more details on how to finance its plans at a press conference this Friday ahead of the first round of voting on Sunday. According to Politico's most recent 'Poll of Polls', Le Pen's party (RN) leads by 33% ahead of NPF at 27% and Macron's ENS at 20%. Likewise, a poll by the Financial Times showed Le Pen was favoured amongst voters when it came to being trusted with the economy.

Daily Pivots: (S1) 200.96; (P) 201.56; (R1) 202.63; More...

Intraday bias in GBP/JPY remains on the upside for the moment. Current up trend should target 61.8% projection of 191.34 to 200.72 from 197.18 at 202.97. Firm break there will pave the way to 100% projection at 206.56 next. on the downside, below 200.46 minor support will turn intraday bias neutral first. But outlook will remain bullish as long as 198.90 support holds, in case of retreat.

In the bigger picture, long term up trend is still in progress. Next target is 100% projection of 155.33 to 188.63 from 178.32 at 211.62. Outlook will stay bullish as long as 191.34 support holds, even in case of deep pullback.

Daily Pivots: (S1) 169.79; (P) 170.36; (R1) 171.38; More...

Intraday bias in EUR/JPY remains on the upside for the moment. Rise from 164.01 is resuming and should target 61.8% projection of 164.01 to 170.87 from 167.52 at 171.75. On the downside, below 169.31 minor support will dampen this bullish case and turn intraday bias neutral gain first.

In the bigger picture, strong support from 55 D EMA indicates that the long term up trend is still in progress. Decisive break of 171.58 will confirm resumption and target 100% projection of 139.05 to 164.29 from 153.15 at 178.38. For now outlook will stay bullish as long as 164.01 support holds, even in case of deep pullback.

Daily Pivots: (S1) 0.8444; (P) 0.8455; (R1) 0.8467; More...

Intraday bias in EUR/GBP remains neutral and consolidation from 0.8396 could extend further. But outlook will stay bearish as long as 0.8482 support turned resistance holds. On the downside, below 0.8429 minor support will bring retest of 0.8396 low first. Further break there will resume larger down trend to 0.8376 projection level next.

In the bigger picture, down trend from 0.9267 (2022 high) is in progress. Next target is 100% projection of 0.8764 to 0.8497 from 0.8643 at 0.8376. Sustained break there will target 161.8% projection at 0.8211 next. For now, outlook will remain bearish as long as 0.8643 resistance holds, even in case of stronger rebound.

Daily Pivots: (S1) 1.6048; (P) 1.6081; (R1) 1.6134; More...

Intraday bias in EUR/AUD stays neutral and consolidation from 1.6026 could extend. But upside should be limited by

EUR/AUD's down trend continued last week but it recovered after hitting 1.6026. Initial bias is neutral this week for some consolidations first. Upside should be limited by 1.6211 support turned resistance to bring another fall. Below 1.6026 will turn bias back to the downside for 100% projection of 1.6679 to 1.6211 from 1.6418 at 1.5950.

In the bigger picture, fall from 1.7062 medium term top is seen as a correction to the up trend from 1.4281 (2022 low) only. Strong support is still expected between 1.5846 and 38.2% retracement of 1.4281 to 1.7062 at 1.6000 to bring rebound. Break of 1.7062 is in favor as a later stage.