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EUR/USD Consolidation

EUR/USD lies in a bullish trend despite ongoing consolidation. Hourly resistance can be found at 1.2092 (08/09/2017 high) while hourly support lies at 1.1823 (31/08/2017 low). Stronger support is given at a distance at 1.1662 (17/08/2017 low). Expected to show renewed bullish pressures.

In the longer term, the momentum is now turning largely positive. We favour a continued bullish bias. Key resistance is holding at 1.2252 (25/12/2014 high) while strong support lies at 1.0341 (03/01/2017 low).

USD/CHF Elliott Wave Analysis

USD/CHF –  0.9606

 
Although the greenback fell briefly below previous support at 0.9438, lack of follow through selling and the subsequent strong rebound from 0.9421 suggest a temporary low is possibly formed there and consolidation with mid upside bias is seen for gain towards resistance at 0.9773, however, a daily close above this level is needed to add credence to this view, bring retracement of recent decline to resistance at 0.9808, then test of previous support at 0.9859, having said that, near term overbought condition should limit upside to 0.9900 and price should falter well below psychological resistance at 1.0000, bring another decline later.

Our preferred count on the daily chart is that early selloff to 0.9630 is an end of the larger degree wave III and major correction is unfolding from there with a leg ended at 1.2298 (Nov 2008 with (a): 1.0625, (b):1.0011 and (c):1.2298), wave b ended at 0.9910 with (a): 1.0370, (b): 1.1967, (c): 0.9910. The rise from there to 1.1730 is the wave c which also marked the end of wave IV and wave V has possibly ended at 0.7068.


On the downside, whilst initial pullback to 0.9580 is likely, reckon downside would be limited to 0.9550 and bring another rise later. Below 0.9545-50 would risk weakness to 0.9500 but still reckon downside would be limited to 0.9455-60 and said support at 0.9421 should remain intact, bring another rebound later. A drop below said support at 0.9421 would extend recent decline from 1.0344 top (formed back in late 2016) to 0.9350 and possibly 0.9300, however, loss of downward momentum should prevent sharp fall below 0.9250-60 and 0.9200-10 should hold.

Recommendation: Buy at 0.9550 for 0.9750 with stop below 0.9450.

Dollar's long-term downtrend started from 2.9343 (Feb 1995) and it was unfolding as a (A)-(B)-(C) with (A): 1.1100, (B): 1.8310 (26 Oct 2000), then followed by another impulsive wave (C) with wave III ended at 0.9630 (Mar 2008). Under this count, correction in wave IV has possibly ended at 1.1730 and wave V already broke below support at 0.9630 and met indicated downside target at 0.7500 and 0.7400. The reversal from 0.7068 suggests the wave V has possibly ended and the breach of resistance at 0.9595 add credence to this view and indicated upside target at 1.0000 had been met, however, the sharp retreat from 1.0296 to 0.7401 suggests choppy trading would be seen but price should stay above said record low at 0.7068.

Trade Idea: GBP/USD – Buy at 1.3490

GBP/USD – 1.3572





 

Original strategy :

Buy at 1.3140, Target:1.3340, Stop: 1.3080

Position: -

Target:  -

Stop: - 




New strategy :

Buy at 1.3490, Target:1.3690, Stop: 1.3430

Position: -

Target:  -

Stop:- 



Cable only retreated to 1.3153 (missed our long entry at 1.3140) before rallying again since late NY yesterday, we have re-labeled our preferred count (pls see the attached chart) that the wave IV is unfolding as a complex double three (ABC-X-ABC) correction with 2nd wave B ended at 1.2774, hence 2nd wave C is unfolding and may extend further gain to 1.3600, then 1.3700, however, near term overbought condition should limit upside to 1.3770-75 and reckon 1.3800-10 would hold from here, bring retreat later.

In view of this, would not chase this rise here and would be prudent to buy sterling on subsequent pullback as 1.3490-00 should limit downside. Below 1.3425-30 would defer and suggest a temporary top is possibly formed, risk correction to 1.3385-90 but previous resistance at 1.3329 should remain intact, bring another upmove later.

Our preferred count on the daily chart is that cable's rebound from 1.3500 (wave (A) trough) is unfolding as a wave (B) with A ended at 1.7043, followed by triangle wave B and wave C as well as wave (B) has ended at 1.7192, the subsequent selloff is the larger degree wave (C) which is still unfolding with minor wave (III) of larger degree wave 3 ended at 1.1986, hence wave (IV) correction is in progress which could either be a triangle wave (IV) of a complex formation but upside should be limited to 1.3500 and price should falter well below 1.4000, bring another decline in wave (V) of 3 for weakness to 1.1500, then 1.1200. 


Trade Idea: GBP/JPY – Buy at 149.95

GBP/JPY - 150.95

Original strategy:

Buy at 144.75, Target: 146.75, Stop: 144.15 

Position: -
Target: -
Stop: -

New strategy :

Buy at 149.95, Target: 151.95, Stop: 149.35

Position: -
Target:  -
Stop:-

Sterling only eased to 145.25 yesterday before staging the anticipated rally, the British pound found renewed buying interest today at 146.65 and has surged again, upmove accelerated after breaking above resistance at 148.35, adding credence to our latest preferred count that triangle wave B correction has ended at 139.35 (the final e leg of triangle), hence wave C has commenced and may extend further gain to 152.00 and 153.00, however, near term overbought condition should limit upside to 154.00-10 and price should falter below 155.00 today. 

In view of this, we are still looking to buy sterling on pullback but at a higher level as 150.00 should limit downside. below 149.50 would risk correction to 149.00 but still reckon downside would be limited to previous resistance at 148.35 and 147.75-80 should hold, bring another upmove later. 

Our preferred count is that larger degree wave V with circle is unfolding from 251.12 with wave (I) 219.34, (II): 241.38 and wave (III) is subdivided into 1: 192.60, 2: 215.89 (23 Jul 2008) and wave 3 ended at 118.87 earlier in 2009. The correction from there to 162.60 is wave 4 which itself is a double three and is labeled as first a-b-c ended at 151.53, followed by wave x at 139.03, 2nd a ended at 162.60, 2nd b at 146.75 and 2nd c leg of wave 4 ended at 163.00. Therefore, the decline from 163.00 to 116.85 is now treated as wave 5 which also marked the end of larger degree wave (III), hence wave (IV) major correction has commenced for retracement of the wave (III) from 241.38 and upside target at 183.95-00 (50% Fibonacci retracement of the wave (II) from 241.38) had been met, a drop below 160.00 would suggest wave (IV) has ended at 195.85, bring decline in wave (V) for initial weakness to 130 (already met) and 120.


Market Update – European Session: BOE Dove Vlieghe Ruffles Hawkish Feathers

Notes/Observations

Risk aversion sentiment fails to hold following another North Korea missile as ongoing tensionon Korean Peninsula would not lead to any actual military action

BOE dove Vlieghe ruffles hawkish feathers to move in-line with recent BOE statement

Small explosion reported on London Underground Train; being treated as terror event

Overnight

Asia:

North Korea fires a missile from Pyongyang towards the east, missile passes over Japan

Japan PM Abe: North Korea launch is absolutely unacceptable; international community must send clear message to North Korea over provocative actions; requested emergency UN meeting; North Korea has to be shown there is no bright future for it if it continues down this path; UN sanctions need to be firmly and fully implemented

South Korea President Moon: Dialogue with North Korea is impossible at this point. Will not sit idle on North Korea provocation. South Korea has power to ‘pulverize’ should North Korea provoke

South Korea Military said to have conducted ‘firing drill’ in which it fired missile in a test into the sea, coinciding with North Korea's missile launch

US Sec of State Tillerson: China and Russia must indicate their intolerance for these reckless missile launches by taking direct actions of their own

Europe:

ECB's Weidmann (Germany): ECB should not miss the precise time to normalize policy. Reiterated General Council view that monetary policy to remain exceptionally easy after QE. ECB should ease up on the gas, but not brake hard

Germany Fin Min Schaeuble: ECB must prepare exit from policy very cautiously to prevent markets from overreacting. ECB extraordinary monetary policy with low interest rates and bond purchases (QE) was necessary to overcome economic crisis

Americas:

Bank of Canada Wilkins: Not ideal to give markets full plan on rates, every rate decision is 'live'. Only moving rates when everyone expects it would not lead to good policy outcomes.

UN Security Council to meet at 3 pm EDT on Friday, Sept 15thregarding the most recent North Korea missile test

Economic data

(NO) Norway Aug Trade Balance (NOK): 12.4B v 14.3B prior

(CN) China Aug New Yuan Loans (CNY): 1.09T v 950.0Be

(CN) China Aug Aggregate Financing (CNY): 1.48T v 1.280Te

(CN) China Aug M2 Money Supply Y/Y: 8.9% v 9.1%e; M1 Money Supply Y/Y: 14.0% v 14.8%e; M0 Money Supply Y/Y: 6.5% v 6.0%e

(IT) Italy July General Government Debt: €2.300T (record high) v €2.281T prior

(EU) Euro Zone July Trade Balance (Seasonally Adj): €18.6B v €20.3Be; Trade Balance NSA(unadj): €23.2B v 26.6B prior

(EU) Euro Zone Q2 Labour Costs Y/Y: 1.8% v 1.4% prior

Fixed Income Issuance:

(ZA) South Africa sold total ZAR800M vs. ZAR800M indicated in I/L 2029, 2038 and 2050 bonds

SPEAKERS/FIXED INCOME/FX/COMMODITIES/ERRATUM

Equities

Indices [Stoxx600 -0.1% at 381.6, FTSE -0.7% at 7247, DAX flat at 12536, CAC-40 flat at 5225, IBEX-35 -0.2% at 10341, FTSE MIB flat at 22274, SMI -0.4% at 9040, S&P 500 Futures -0.1%]

Market Focal Points/Key Themes:

European Indices trade mostly lower being led lower once again by the FTSE 100 which trades lower by over half a percent following on from the steep drop yesterday as hawkish commentary from BoE Dove Vlieghe which pushed Sterling up a further 80 pips.

On the corporate front AB Science and Santhera Pharma trade sharply lower following negative opinions from the CHMP, whilst H&M trades higher on a better Autumn outlook. Pub Chain JD Weatherspoons outperforms after Full year results and current trading.

Equities

Consumer discretionary [H&M [HMB] +2.4% (Prelim Q3), JD Weatherspoon [JDW.UK] +9.7% (Earnings), Sthree [STHR.UK] +1.4% (Earnings)]

Industrials: [DX Group [DX.UK] -12% (Cuts outlook due to incorrect accounting practice)]

Technology: [ DIGIA [DIGIA.FI] -7.2% (Cuts outlook)]

Healthcare: [UCB [UCB.BE] +1.3% (UCB's newest antiepileptic drug approved by FDA ), Santhera Pharmaceuticals [SANN.CH] -54% (Negative CHMP opinion), Bavarian Nordic -50% (Independent data monitoring committee recommends discontinuation of Bavarian Nordic's Phase 3 study of PROSTVAC in metastatic prostate cancer), AB Science -13% (CHMP has adopted negative opinion for masitinib marketing authorization in indolent systemic mastocytosis after reassessment)]

Speakers

BOE’s Vlieghe (dove): Might need to adjust BOE interest rate in the coming months (in-line with MPC majority). Time for a rate hike was approaching; slack being eroded, wage pressure gently growing. Still a risk that Brexit would have a biggest effect on economy

ECB’s Lautenschlaeger (Germany): Conditions are all in place for inflation to reach a stable trend towards our goal: below, but close to, 2% in the medium term. Accommodation still needed to help bring inflation back to stable trend towards target. Must help markets get idea on how QE exit will look like

IMF's Lipton: Risks that Ukraine could go backwards in terms of IMF program

North Korea Foreign Ministry official: Latest missile launch is a normal part of strengthening the nuclear deterrent

China govt official reiterated urge to find peaceful and political solution for Korean Peninsula. To continue to strictly implement UN resolution and opposes North Korean violations of UN resolution

Currencies

GBP/USD continued to build upon recent gains in the aftermath of the BOE rate decision and policy statement. BoE sent a very hawkish message with the majority of members agreeing that some withdrawal of monetary stimulus is likely to be appropriate over the coming months. The market probability for a November hike is now just over 50%. GBP/USDstrengthened to above 1.35 level as BOE dove Vlieghe turned hawkish

JPY currency (Yen) off session best level despite another missile launch from North Korea on Friday. Dealers note that current thinking of markets is the ongoing tension on Korean Peninsula would not lead to any actual military action

Fixed Income

Bund futures trade at 161.74 up 10 ticks, with technical levels remaining in focus. Continued downside targets 161.42 while upside resistance stands initially at 162.07, followed by 163.27.

Gilt futures trade at 125.59 down 37 ticks continuing to underperform following yesterday’s BOE rate decision, which prompted a sharp repricing of UK rate expectations after breaking below the 126.53 support level. Continued downside eyeing 124.91. Upside targets 127.90 then 128.24.

Friday’s liquidity report showed Thursday’s excess liquidity fell to €1.766T from €1.786T and use of the marginal lending facility rose to €115M from €107M.

Corporate issuance saw $7.9B come to market via 6 issuers headlined Bank of Nova Scotia $1.4B 2-part senior unsecure note offering and BP Capital Markets $3B 4-part senior unsecured note offering. For the week ending Sep 13th IG Funds reported high-yield outflows of $95.5M v inflows of $641M in the prior week.

Looking Ahead

(BE) Belgium Debt Agency (BDA) announces size of upcoming OLO auction

06:00 (IE) Ireland Q2 GDP Q/Q: +1.3%e v -2.6% prior; Y/Y: No est v 6.1% prior

06:00 (IE) Ireland Q2 Current Account Balance: No est v €8.6B prior

06:00 (UK) DMO to sell combined £4.5B in 1-month, 3-month and 6-month Bills on Fri, Sept 15th (£1.5B, £1.0B and £2.0B respectively)

06:30 (RU) Russia Central Bank (CBR) Interest Rate Decision: Expected to cut 1-Week Auction Rate by 50bps to 8.50%

06:45 (US) Daily Libor Fixing

07:00 (IL) Israel Aug CPI M/M: +0.3%e v -0.1% prior; Y/Y: -0.1%e v -0.7% prior

07:30 (IN) India Weekly Forex Reserves

08:00 (IS) Iceland Aug Unemployment Rate: No est v 3.4% prior

08:00 (DE) German Chancellor Merkel with France PM Philippe in Berlin

08:00 (ES) Spain Debt Agency (Tesoro) announces upcoming issuance

08:00 (IN) India announces upcoming Bill auction (held on Wed)

08:05 (UK) Baltic Dry Bulk Index

08:30 (US) Sept Empire Manufacturing: 18.0e v 25.2 prior

08:30 (US) Aug Advance Retail Sales M/M: 0.1%e v 0.6% prior; Retail Sales Ex Auto M/M: 0.5%e v 0.5% prior; Retail Sales Ex Auto and Gas: 0.3%e v 0.5% prior; Retail Sales Control Group: 0.2%e v 0.6% prior

09:00 (CA) Canada Aug Existing Home Sales M/M: No est v -2.1% prior

09:00 (BE) Belgium July Trade Balance: No est v €0.1M prior

09/15/2017 09/16 (RU) Russia Aug Industrial Production Y/Y: No est v 1.1% prior

09:15 (US) Aug Industrial Production M/M: 0.1%e v 0.2% prior; Capacity Utilization: 76.8%e v 76.7% prior; Manufacturing Production Y/Y: +0.4%e v -0.1% prior

10:00 (US) Sept Preliminary University of Michigan Confidence: 95.0e v 96.8 prior

10:00 (US) July Business Inventories: 0.2%e v 0.5% prior

11:00 (CO) Colombia July Industrial Production Y/Y: +4.1%e v -1.9% prior

11:00 (CO) Colombia July Retail Sales Y/Y: 2.8%e v 1.0% prior

11:00 (EU) Potential sovereign ratings

(AT) Austria Sovereign Debt to be rated by S&P

(CY) Cyprus Sovereign Debt to be rated by S&P

(DK) Denmark Sovereign Debt to be rated by S&P

(FI) Finland Sovereign Debt to be rated by S&P

(IE) Ireland Sovereign Debt to be rated by Moody's

(LX) Luxembourg Sovereign Debt to be rated by S&P

(NG) Nigeria Sovereign Debt to be rated by S&P

(PT) Portugal Sovereign Debt to be rated by S&P

(RU) Russia Sovereign Debt to be rated by S&P

13:00 (US) Weekly Baker Hughes Rig Count data

14:00 (CO) Colombia Central Bank Aug Minutes

(CO) Colombia Aug Consumer Confidence: -6.0e v -9.5 prior

(PE) Peru July Economic Activity (Monthly GDP) Y/Y: 2.7%e v 3.6% prior

(PE) Peru Aug Unemployment Rate: 6.9%e v 7.1% prior

Technical Outlook: EURGBP Surges Below Daily Cloud On Fresh Hawkish Comments From BoE

The pair extends steep descend into sixth straight day, with strong bearish acceleration on Thu/Fri, being boosted by hawkish comments from BoE yesterday and hawkish shift of former most dovish MPC member, who advocated for rate hike in coming months, in today’s comments.

Bears surged through rising daily cloud and generated additional bearish signal, as further extension below cloud dented weekly Kijun-sen support (0.8809) and hit fresh two-month low at 0.8793.

Higher low of 14 July at 0.8742 and weekly cloud top at 0.8699 (also Fibo 61.8% of larger 0.8312/0.9306 rally) are coming in focus.

The pair on track for very strong bearish weekly close (the biggest one-week loss since early Feb 2013), which will also mark the third consecutive weekly close in red and further weigh on pair’s short-term action.

Res: 0.8864, 0.8906, 0.8957, 0.9011
Sup: 0.8793, 0.8742, 0.8699, 0.8640

Trade Idea: EUR/JPY – Buy at 132.20

EUR/JPY - 132.79

Original strategy:

Exit long entered at 131.35,

Position: - Long at 131.35
Target: -
Stop: -

New strategy :

Buy at 132.20, Target: 134.20, Stop: 131.60

Position: -
Target:  -
Stop:-

Although the single currency slipped to as low as 130.62, as renewed buying interest emerged there and euro has rallied above resistance t 132.01 today, reviving our bullishness and signal recent upmove is still in progress, hence further gain to 133.00-10, then 133.50-60 would be seen, however, near term overbought condition should prevent sharp move beyond 134.00-10 and reckon 134.50-60 would hold from here, risk from there has increased for a retreat later. 

In view of this, we are looking to reinstate long on pullback as 132.20 should limit downside and previous resistance at 132.01 (should turn into support) and bring another rise later. Below 131.60-70 would defer and risk retreat to 131.00-10 but said support at 130.62 should remain intact, bring another rise later. 

Our latest preferred count is that wave (ii) is ABC-X-ABC which ended at 123.33 and wave (iii) is unfolding with wave iii ended at 100.77, followed by wave iv at 111.57 and wave v as well as the wave (iii) has ended at 97.04, followed by wave (iv) at 111.43 and wave (v) has ended at 94.12 which is also the end of the larger degree v, this also implied the major wave (C) has also ended there, hence major correction has commenced from there with (A) leg unfolding in its lower degree wave c which has possibly ended at 145.69. Under this count, A-B-C wave (B) has commenced with A leg ended at 136.23, wave B at 143.79 and wave C has possibly ended at 149.79.

Our larger degree count is that the decline from 139.26 is wave (C) and is sub-divided into a diagonal triangle i-ii-iii-iv-v with wave i - 105.44, wave ii- 123.33, wave iii - 97.03, wave iv - 111.43, followed by the final wave v as well as the end of wave (C) at 94.12, this also mark the bottom of larger degree wave B. Under this count, major rise in wave C has commenced as an impulsive wave with minor wave III ended at 145.69, wave V is still in progress for further gain to 150.00. Having said that, this so-called wave V could well be the first leg of larger degree 5-waver wave C and this wave C should bring at least a retest of wave A top at 169.97 (July 2008).

 

Euro Steady Ahead Of U.S. Retail Sales

The euro has edged higher in the Friday session. Currently, the pair is trading at 1.1945, up 0.27% on the day. On the release front, the eurozone trade surplus, which narrowed to EUR 18.6 billion in July, well short of the estimate of EUR 20.1 billion. This marked the smallest trade surplus since February. In the US, it's a busy day, so we could see some movement from EUR/USD. Today's highlights are Retail Sales and Core Retail Sales. As well, the US will release the Empire State Manufacturing Index and UoM Consumer Sentiment.

The German economy continues to impress. Unemployment levels remain low, growth is steady, and the country even has a budget surplus. However, analysts are divided on the extent of the momentum. The German Economy Ministry is predicting that the economy could slow in the second half of 2017, and is holding to its forecast of 1.5% growth this year. The BDI Group is projecting an expansion of just above 2.0%, while the International Monetary Fund has pegged growth at 1.8% for 2017. Strong German growth in the second half would be good news for the streaking euro.

Germany will hold a federal election on September 24, and Angela Merkel is widely expected to win her fourth term as prime minister. French President Emmanuel Macron, a staunch supporter of a unified Europe, is hoping to work with Merkel and reform the eurozone. Macron's proposal includes a eurozone finance minister who would be in charge of a eurozone budget. Macron's call for greater cooperation is linked to Britain's exit from the EU, which could lead to divisions among the remaining 27 members in the bloc. However, the French ambitious plan will need Germany's support before it can become a reality. Will Germany embrace the idea? Angela Merkel's has indicated that she is open to the idea, but on Wednesday, Jean-Claude Juckner, head of the European Commission, dismissed the plan, saying he favored a finance minister for the EU but was against a separate eurozone budget and finance minister. Even if the plan is not adopted, we can expect a Macron-Merkel alliance to take steps which will strengthen Franco-German ties and further unify the eurozone.

Bitcoin Could Drop Below 3000 | European Markets & US Futures Noiseless | North Korea’s Action Reflective In Gold

The typical risk-off trade did come into play
It would be a mistake to undermine the geopolitical tensions
The sterling-dollar pair is in no mood in giving up its gains from yesterday

North Korea took no time to show its reaction to the new sanctions imposed on the country by the U.N. It was largely expected that North Korea would take that path. And here you are again, North Korea fired a missile which passed over northern Japan and fell in the sea. The typical risk-off trade did come into play but traders are getting more used to these sorts of provocations. Although, I would argue that these threats should not be taken light-heartedly. They can get out of hand much quicker than anyone can anticipate, and if appropriate risk measures are not in place, the situation would look immensely vile.

President Trump has demanded a direct action from China. The Japanese prime minister has made it clear that the "fire and fury" statement only isn't going to resolve the situation. Therefore, it would be a mistake in our opinion to undermine the geopolitical tensions. This situation is like an elastic band which is being stretched on both ends and if it continues like this, it would be only a matter of time before it breaks.

European markets and US futures are trading lower but noiseless during the early hours of trading. This quietness in the market could change rapidly if we have any serious action by Russia or China (which President Trump has requested). However, the chances of that taking place are minuscule.

For Sterling, the message was clear, tightening is coming and the market is underestimating this fact. But we have heard this song over and over again. However, something has changed and the market has started to price that in. The BOE seems serious this time and it is likely that it would tighten the belt. The sterling-dollar pair is in no mood in giving up its gains from yesterday, in fact, it is building on them and broke the 1.34 resistance today. Only a bad string of economic data could dial back the interest rate hike or some sort of other monetary policy action. The MPC member Vlieghe will be speaking later today and his comments could bring some swing for the currency and the possibility of a tailspin move cannot be ignored

Bitcoin is extending its losses after finding some peace. The cryptocurrency is suffering its longest streak of losses in a year thanks to the Chinese regulator's news. The gap from the 7th August is very much a target now and we do think it is highly likely, that the price fills up that gap first before any possible meaningful bounce. The next support is between 3000 and 2877.

Technical Outlook: Cable Surges Above 1.3500 On Hawkish Comments From Previously Most Dovish MPC Member

Sterling surged above target at 1.3473 and psychological 1.3500 barrier, hitting the highest levels since June 2016 after receiving fresh boost on hawkish comments from BoE MPC member Vlieghe.

Gertjan Vlieghe was previously seen as the most dovish member of the committee, but his today's comments were seen as hawkish steer.

He said that the BoE might need to raise interest rates in the coming months, echoing Thursday's comments from BoE. Vlieghe shifted his stance from further patience ahead of rate hike action to push for faster action of BoE in coming months.

British pound which already maintained strong bullish sentiment from yesterday's BoE's statement and extended rally to the levels last seen over two years ago.

Cable is on track for the second straight bullish weekly close, with close above weekly cloud to generate another strong bullish signal for extension towards next target at 1.3835 (29 Feb low/Fibo 61.8% of 1.5016/1.1930 descend).

Corrective actions on overbought studies could be anticipated in coming sessions.

Res: 1.3550, 1.3574, 1.3600, 1.3646
Sup: 1.3500, 1.3473, 1.3381, 1.3328