Japan’s wage picture improves but real incomes growth stays negative at -0.7%

    Japan’s economic data delivered a familiar combination of improving nominal pay but still-depressed real incomes. Real wages fell -0.7% yoy in October, the 10th consecutive decline, though the rate of contraction moderated for the second month. Officials highlighted that fewer part-time roles and a higher share of full-time employees—who earn more—helped support headline income levels. Yet inflation of 3.4% yoy, driven mainly by food prices, continued to outpace wage gains.

    Nominal earnings were considerably stronger, rising 2.6% yoy and beating forecasts for 2.2%. That marks a three-month high and extends the run of increases to 46 straight months, giving policymakers some evidence that wage momentum is holding up. Regular pay also expanded a robust 2.6% yoy, while bonus-driven special payments surged 6.7% yoy, providing a further boost. strain, limiting the lift to consumption.

    The bigger disappointment came from growth data. Japan’s Q3 GDP was revised down to -2.3% annualized, from the initial -1.8%, making it the weakest quarter since 2023.

    US UoM consumer sentiment jumps to 53.3, inflation expectations ease further

      US consumer sentiment improved in December, with the University of Michigan headline index rising to 53.3 from 51.0, beating expectations of 52.0. The gain was driven by a sharp rise in Expectations Index, which climbed to 55.0 from 51.0. However, views on current conditions deteriorated slightly from 51.1 to 50.7.

      A key development came from inflation expectations. Year-ahead inflation expectations fell for a fourth consecutive month, dropping from 4.5% to 4.1%, the lowest since January 2025—though still above the 3.3% level seen at the start of the year. Long-run inflation expectations edged down from 3.4% to 3.2%, matching the January reading.

      Full US U of Michigan consumer sentiment release here.

      US PCE mixed, spending softens slightly as core inflation eases

        US personal income rose 0.4% mom in September, in line with expectations, while personal spending increased 0.3%, a touch below the 0.4% consensus. The combination suggests consumer demand remains resilient but is moderating gradually.

        Inflation readings were broadly stable. Headline PCE rose 0.3% mom, keeping the annual rate at 2.8% yoy, slightly above August’s 2.7% but exactly matching forecasts.

        Core PCE increased 0.2% mom, while the annual measure eased from 2.9% yoy to 2.8%, undershooting expectations for no change. The drop in core PCE is a mild but welcome sign for policymakers looking for continued disinflation.

        Overall, the data reinforce expectations for a Fed rate cut next week, as consumption growth cools and inflation edges lower.

        Full US personal income and outlays release here.

        Canada employment jumps 53.6k in October, unemployment rate falls sharply to 6.5%

          Canada’s labor market delivered a major upside surprise in November, adding 53.6k jobs versus expectations of a small -1.5k decline. The strength came almost entirely from part-time positions, which rose by 63k, offsetting a modest dip in full-time work. The gain pushed the employment rate up 0.1% to 60.9%, marking a notable stabilization after a year of softening labor momentum.

          The unemployment rate dropped sharply from 6.9% to 6.5%, defying expectations for a rise to 7.0%. This reverses part of the labor market deterioration seen through most of 2025, when unemployment climbed to 7.1% in September—its highest level since 2016. The improvement suggests that labor demand remains healthier than previously believed, even in a slowing economic environment.

          Wage data also supported the stronger labor picture. Average hourly earnings rose 3.6% yoy in November, up slightly from October’s 3.5% yoy, reaching CAD 37.00.

          Full Canada’s employment release here.

          Japan household spending slumps -3.0% yoy in October, casting doubt over strength of recovery

            Japan’s household spending fell sharply by -3.0% yoy in October, far below expectations for 1.1% yoy increase, and marking the steepest decline since January 2024. It was also the first annual drop in six months.

            On a monthly, seasonally adjusted basis, spending plunged -3.5% mom, defying forecasts of a 0.7% mom growth. Lower outlays on food, leisure and automobile-related expenses drove the weakness, though officials said it remains unclear whether the decline represents a one-off setback, noting consumption is still perceived to be in a recovery phase.

            The data arrive at a delicate moment for the BoJ. Markets have ramped up bets on a rate hike this month following recent comments from Governor Kazuo Ueda that the Bank would weigh the “pros and cons” of further tightening. The slump in spending, however, introduces fresh uncertainty around the durability of domestic demand—one of the BoJ’s key criteria for normalizing policy continuously.

            Sterling breaks key levels in EUR/GBP and GBP/CHF on stronger UK outlook

              Sterling is clearly outperforming both Euro and Swiss Franc this week, as markets continue to unwind the defensive positioning built ahead of the Autumn Budget. The announcement was broadly well received, with investors encouraged by the government’s emphasis on fiscal discipline and medium-term stability. The shift has helped ease earlier concerns over the UK’s fiscal outlook while reinforcing confidence in the Pound.

              Chancellor Rachel Reeves managed to assemble a broad combination of tax measures that collectively reduce the deficit by more than markets had anticipated. Crucially, the package delivered the fiscal credibility that investors had been demanding without leaning into excessively front-loaded austerity. With meaningful tightening delayed, the budget does not add pressure on the BoE to accelerate its cutting cycle in the coming year.

              The UK also received a further tailwind from the OECD, which upgraded its growth outlook for 2026 to 1.2% (from 1.0%) and now sees GDP expanding 1.3% in 2027. The organization cited supportive impacts from Reeves’ budget on consumption, alongside global uncertainty that may keep inflation sticky enough to limit aggressive policy easing. For markets, the upgraded profile reinforces the idea that the UK may outperform its European peers over the next two years.

              On the technical side, EUR/GBP’s break below the 55 D EMA confirms rejection at the long-term 61.8% retracement of 0.9267 to 0.8221 at 0.8867. With clear bearish divergence on D MACD, the cross should have set a medium-term top at 0.8633.

              Deeper fall is now in favor back to 0.8631 cluster (38.2% retracement of 0.8221 to 0.8663 at 0.8618), even if the decline from 0.8863 is just a correction to the up trend from 0.8221 (2024 low).

              GBP/CHF is also turning structurally higher after breaking above 1.0658 (previous support turned resistance) and 55 D EMA, confirming a medium-term bottom at 1.0362. Bullish convergence in the D MACD supports the upside case, with next targets at the 38.2% retracement of 1.1675 to 1.0362 at 1.0864, and potentially 55 W EMA (now at 1.0906) if momentum continues.

              US jobless claims fall sharply to 191k, lowest since 2022

                US initial jobless claims fell sharply by -27k to 191k in the week ending November 29, far below expectations of 220k, and marking the lowest level since September 2022. The four-week moving average also by -9k eased to 215k.

                Continuing claims slipped modestly by -4k to 1.939 million in the week ending November 22. Their four-week average edging down by -6k to 1.945 million, indicating some stabilization after earlier signs of softening.

                The data stand in contrast to the recent deterioration seen in other labor indicators, including the weak ADP report, and highlight ongoing tightness in the job market despite clear signs of cooling elsewhere.

                Full US jobless claims release here.

                Eurozone retail sales stall in October as non-food demand softens

                  Eurozone retail sales were unchanged on the month in October, matching expectations and highlighting a subdued consumer environment heading into year-end. Category-level data showed mixed trends: spending on food, drinks and tobacco rose 0.3% mom, while non-food products (excluding fuel) fell -0.2% mom. Automotive fuel sales increased 0.3% mom, helping offset weakness elsewhere but not enough to lift the overall index.

                  Retail activity across the wider EU was also flat on the month, reinforcing the picture of stagnation in household consumption. The divergence among member states remained notable. Luxembourg posted the strongest monthly gain at 3.6% mom, followed by Estonia (1.7%) and Croatia (1.4). In contrast, Belgium saw a sharp -1.3% drop, with Austria (-0.6%), Ireland (-0.4%) and Sweden (-0.4%) also reporting declines.

                  Full Eurozone retail sales release here.

                  NZD/USD in bullish reversal? 0.5799 resistance holds key

                    NZD/USD extended its rebound from 0.5580 this week as the pair capitalized on a softer US Dollar, driven by the sharp deterioration in ADP employment data. The weak labor reading reinforced expectations of a December Fed rate cut, prompting another wave of USD selling across major pairs and giving the Kiwi room to advance. Underlying support also stems from the RBNZ’s hawkish cut last week, where policymakers signaled that the easing cycle has likely ended.

                    Technically, NZD/USD’s break above the 55 D EMA signals that the three-wave corrective decline from 0.6119 has likely completed at 0.5580. Momentum has clearly shifted to the upside, and the structure argues that the pair may now be in the early stages of a broader rally.

                    The next key hurdle is the 0.5799 support-turned-resistance. Sustained break above this level would further confirm bullish reversal and strengthen the view that the rise from 0.5580 represents the third leg of the larger pattern from 0.5484 low earlier this year.

                    That would also open the door through 0.6119 resistance, even if the advance from 0.5484 proves to be only a corrective rally within the broader downtrend from the 0.7463 (2021 high).


                    BoJ’s Ueda: Neutral rate uncertainty keeps BoJ guessing how far to tighten

                      BoJ Governor Kazuo Ueda told lawmakers today that Japan’s neutral interest rate remains highly uncertain, describing it as a concept that can only be estimated within a “quite wide range.” He noted that the central bank is attempting to narrow that range and may disclose updated estimates once confidence improves.

                      Ueda added that the lack of clarity around the neutral rate means the BoJ must operate without a firm sense of how much tightening is ultimately appropriate. This ambiguity, he said, leaves uncertainty around “how far we should raise interest rates,” even as policymakers consider more conventional policy settings after years of ultra-accommodation. Current BoJ estimates place the nominal neutral rate between 1% and 2.5%.

                      His comments come days after signaling that the BoJ will weigh the “pros and cons” of a rate hike at the upcoming December meeting, a remark markets interpreted as the strongest indication yet that a move to 0.75% is under consideration.

                       

                      US ISM services edges higher to 52.6; prices ease sharply

                        US ISM Services PMI ticked up to 52.6 in November from 52.4, beating expectations of 52.0 and marking the ninth expansionary reading of 2025. Business activity improved slightly from 54.3 to 54.5, but new orders dropped sharply from 56.2 to 52.6, signaling cooling demand. Employment also improved modestly, rising from 48.2 to 48.9, though it remained in contraction.

                        The most notable development came from the prices index, which fell from 70.0 to 65.4, the lowest level since April. While still elevated, the decline suggests that inflation pressures in the services sector—an area closely watched by the Fed—are easing. Together with weakening order growth, the data add to a picture of gradual cooling beneath the surface.

                        According to the ISM, November’s reading corresponds to an annualized 1.3% increase in real GDP, indicating that the services sector is still contributing positively to overall activity. However, the combination of softer new orders and easing prices reinforces expectations of slower momentum into year-end.

                        Full US ISM services PMI release here.

                        US ADP jobs shock with -32k drop as small businesses cut deeply

                          US ADP private employment fell –32k in November, a sharp downside surprise versus expectations for 19k gain and marking one of the weakest readings of the year. Hiring declined in both major sectors, with goods-producing industries shedding -19k jobs and services losing -13k, highlighting broad cooling in labor demand.

                          The breakdown by firm size underscored the strain on smaller companies. Small businesses cut -120k jobs, overwhelmingly driving the headline decline, while medium-sized firms added 51k and large employers added 39k.

                          Wage growth also eased: pay for job-stayers slowed to 4.4% yoy from 4.5%, while job-changers saw pay growth fall to 6.3% yoy from 6.7%, continuing the trend of decelerating compensation pressures.

                          ADP’s Dr. Nela Richardson said the hiring backdrop has become increasingly uneven, citing “cautious consumers and an uncertain macroeconomic environment.” She emphasized that while the slowdown was widespread, the contraction was driven primarily by small businesses—often the most sensitive to shifts in demand and credit conditions.

                          Full US ADP release here.

                          Eurozone PPI at 0.1% mom, -0.5% yoy in October, diminishing upstream inflation

                            Eurozone PPI edged up 0.1% mom in October but fell -0.5% yoy, coming in softer than expectations of -0.4% yoy.

                            The monthly gain in Eurozone PPI reflected modest increases across most major categories, including intermediate goods, energy, capital goods and durable consumer goods, each rising 0.1%. Non-durable consumer goods were the exception, slipping -0.2% and weighing slightly on the headline.

                            In the wider EU, PPI also rose 0.1% mom but was down -0.2% yoy. Price movements across member states were uneven. Bulgaria recorded the sharpest monthly increase at 4.6%, followed by Ireland (1.4%) and Estonia (1.3). Meanwhile, Slovakia (-1.0%), Poland (-0.5%) and Italy (-0.4%) saw notable declines.

                            Full Eurozone PPI release here.

                            UK PMI services finalized at to 51.3; Client caution and margin pressures build

                              UK Services PMI was finalized at 51.3 in November down from October’s 52.3. Composite PMI eased to 51.2 from 52.2, marking a clear loss of momentum after several months of improvement. S&P Global’s Tim Moore said the data show an “abrupt end” to the gradual recovery in order books seen since summer, with demand weakening in both domestic and export markets.

                              Lower workloads fed through to a slowdown in business activity growth, pushing expansion well below the post-pandemic trend. Firms also cut staffing levels at the fastest pace since February, pointing to an increasingly cautious operating environment. Survey respondents cited fragile client confidence, rising risk aversion and elevated policy uncertainty in the run-up to the Autumn Budget, with many delaying major spending decisions.

                              Competitive pressures intensified as firms struggled with weak sales pipelines. While input cost inflation accelerated—largely due to higher wages—selling price inflation rose at the slowest pace in nearly five years, signaling a squeeze on margins.

                              Full UK PMI services final release here.

                              Eurozone PMI composite finalized at 30-month high, mild Q4 acceleration expected

                                Eurozone Services PMI final rose to 53.6 in November from 53.0, marking a 30-month high and reinforcing the sector’s position as the main driver of regional growth. Composite PMI also improved to 52.8 from 52.5—another 30-month high—indicating that services strength more than compensated for continued manufacturing softness.

                                Country-level PMI Composite showed broad participation: Ireland led with a 42-month high at 55.8, while Italy also hit a 31-month high at 53.8. Germany (52.34) and Spain (55.1) softened slightly, and France returned to expansion at 50.4.

                                Hamburg Commercial Bank Chief Economist Cyrus de la Rubia said the data show “clear signs of recovery” across the services sector. The improvement was strong enough to lift overall Eurozone output, supporting expectations of a “slight acceleration” in Q4 growth. Though the headline index remains “far from a boom,” De la Rubia described the overall performance as “relatively robust,” underpinned by encouraging geographical breadth.

                                Price indicators delivered mixed but generally favorable signals for policymakers. Services selling-price inflation—which the ECB monitors closely—“weakened significantly” again, while wage growth c is gradually easing. Taken together, the data are likely to strengthen the ECB’s conviction in keeping interest rates on hold at the upcoming meeting.

                                Full Eurozone PMI services final release here.

                                Swiss CPI back at 0.0% as broad price declines in November

                                  Swiss inflation softened in November, with headline CPI falling -0.2% mom, in line with expectations, while annual inflation slowed from 0.1% yoy to 0.0%, undershooting forecasts of 0.1%. Core CPI also dipped, falling -0.1% yoy, with the annual rate easing from 0.5% yoy to 0.4%. The data highlight Switzerland’s continued weak inflation, keeping price growth far below levels seen elsewhere in Europe.

                                  Both domestic and imported prices contributed to the decline. Domestic products fell -0.2% mom, while imported goods dropped a sharper -0.4% mom. On a yearly basis, domestic inflation cooled from 0.5% yoy to 0.4%, and imported prices remained deeply negative at -1.3% yoy. The persistent weakness in imported goods continues to anchor Swiss inflation near zero.

                                  Full Swiss CPI release here.

                                  AUD/USD and AUD/JPY both eye breakouts after hawkish RBA remarks

                                    Australian Dollar rallied sharply today after RBA Governor Michele Bullock signaled to Parliament that policymakers remain ready to tighten policy if inflation shows renewed persistence. Markets took her remarks as a clear indication that a rate hike in 2026 is possible—and that easing is firmly off the table for now. .

                                    Soft Q3 GDP numbers briefly tempered expectations, but failed to stall Aussie’s advance. While quarterly growth undershot forecasts at 0.4% qoq, the 2.1% yoy expansion was still the strongest pace in two years, keeping concerns alive that domestic demand may be too resilient for inflation to retreat as quickly as hoped.

                                    Markets now largely agree that rate cuts are off the table for an extended period, and a pre-emptive hike cannot be ruled out if upcoming data surprise on the upside.

                                    Technically, AUD/USD’s break above 0.6579 reinforces that the correction from 0.6706 likely ended at 0.6420. The uptrend from the 2025 trough at 0.5913 may now be resuming, setting up a retest of 0.6706 peak. The key question is whether bullish momentum can build into that level or whether upside energy fades on approach.

                                    AUD/JPY is also attempting a significant breakout as it challenges a dense cluster of resistance around 102. This zone includes the medium-term rising channel ceiling and the key 102.39 structural pivot. A clean break would represent an important bullish confirmation for longer-term AUD strength.

                                    As long as 100.33 support holds, outlook for AUD/JPY stays bullish. Decisive break above 100% Projection of 94.38 to 100.93 from 96.24 at 102.79 should trigger upside acceleration towards 161.8% projection at 106.83.

                                    China’s RatingDog PMI services falls to 52.1, expansion loses pace, employment and margins under pressure

                                      China’s RatingDog Services PMI eased in November, slipping from 52.6 to 52.1, while Composite PMI fell from 51.8 to 51.2. Both measures remained in expansionary territory, but the decline signaled moderation in growth momentum heading into year-end.

                                      Yao Yu, Founder of RatingDog, said the services sector remained “relatively stable,” though November’s reading marked the weakest level since Q2. External demand showed mild improvement and offered “marginal support,” but domestic conditions were less encouraging.

                                      Employment contracted again, profit margins came under pressure, and business expectations weakened—factors Yao described as the “main constraints” on the sector.

                                      Full China RatingDog PMI services release here.

                                      Japan PMI services holds strong at 53.2, optimism hits year high

                                        Japan’s Services PMI was finalized at 53.2 in November, edging up from 53.1 in October. Composite PMI also improved, rising to 52.0 from 51.5. S&P Global’s Annabel Fiddes noted “a number of positive developments,” with the sector consistently driving overall activity since mid-year.

                                        Forward-looking indicators strengthened notably. Business optimism and hiring intentions both climbed to their highest levels since early 2025. New orders also accelerated modestly, the first pickup in three months, signaling a gradual improvement in underlying demand even if the pace remains mild. However, the positive momentum was accompanied by firmer inflation pressures. Input costs rose at the fastest rate since May, prompting another solid increase in selling prices as firms sought to protect margins.

                                        With Japan’s new stimulus package now approved—aimed at supporting growth and offsetting rising costs—markets will be watching closely to see whether demand and output continue to improve in the coming months.

                                        Full Japan PMI services final release here.

                                        RBA’s Bullock warns inflation persistence may require renewed tightening

                                          RBA Governor Michele Bullock told the Senate Economics Legislation Committee that the bank remains on high alert for renewed inflation pressure and is prepared to act if price gains prove “more persistent” than expected. She noted that upcoming data in the next few months will be crucial in determining whether demand pressures are easing, adding that officials may still have to pivot back toward tightening if inflation shows signs of regaining strength.

                                          Facing questions on past budget and inflation mis-projections, Bullock conceded the RBA “hasn’t done it yet” in bringing inflation sustainably back to target, and must continue working toward that objective. She stressed that the board must “keep working on this”.

                                          With national debt set to exceed AUD 1 trillion and a deficit of AUD 42 billion projected, she noted that lower public and private savings—if paired with unchanged investment—could “put upward pressure on the neutral rate,” she said.”

                                          But she added that that such an outcome is possible but contingent on both domestic and global forces. She emphasized that while the RBA can respond to domestic dynamics, but we don’t control global factors.”