BoE holds at 4.00% in 5–4 vote, inflation peaked, risk more balanced

    The BoE held its Bank Rate steady at 4.00% today, as expected, but the 5–4 vote split revealed persistent pressure within the Monetary Policy Committee to continue easing. Governor Andrew Bailey and four others — Megan Greene, Clare Lombardelli, Catherine Mann, and Huw Pill — voted to maintain the current rate. Sarah Breeden, Swati Dhingra, Dave Ramsden, and Alan Taylor backed a 25bps cut. The close decision underscores a deeply divided committee as policymakers weigh the trade-off between disinflation progress and weakening demand.

    In its accompanying statement, the BoE acknowledged that headline CPI inflation has peaked, while “progress on underlying disinflation continues.” The Bank noted that the risk of persistent inflation has diminished, while the threat from weaker demand has become more evident — marking a clear shift toward a more balanced risk assessment.

    Updated projections painted a mixed picture. The BoE now expects GDP growth of 1.4% in Q4 2025 (down slightly from 1.5%) and the same pace in 2026, before picking up modestly to 1.7% in 2027 and 1.8% in 2028. .

    On inflation, the outlook remains largely unchanged: CPI is projected at 3.5% in Q4 2025, easing to 2.5% in 2026 and 2.0% by 2027, with a slight uptick to 2.1% in 2028. The forecasts imply the BoE expects inflation to remain anchored near target in the medium term, providing scope for gradual easing once confidence in disinflation deepens.

    Market-implied rates show investors expect the Bank Rate to drift lower toward 3.9% by the end of the year, 3.5% through 2026–27, and 3.6% by 2028.

    Full BoE statement and MPR.

    Eurozone retail sales slip -0.1% mom as non-food demand softens

      Eurozone retail sales disappointed in September, falling -0.1% mom, missing expectations of a 0.2% gain. The decline was driven mainly by weaker spending on non-food items, which slipped -0.2%, and a sharp -1.0% drop in automotive fuel sales. Meanwhile, sales of food, drinks, and tobacco were unchanged.

      Across the broader EU, retail sales managed a modest 0.1% monthly rise, masking divergent trends among member states. The steepest declines were seen in Lithuania (-1.1%), Latvia and Slovenia (-0.7%), and Italy (-0.6%), while Luxembourg and Malta (+1.7%), along with Estonia (+1.5%) and Slovakia (+1.4%), posted strong rebounds.

      Full Eurozone retail sales release here.

      GBP/USD under pressure, markets see less than one-third chance of BoE cut today

        The BoE’s policy decision today is the central focus for the markets, with consensus expecting the Bank Rate to remain unchanged at 4.00%. However, the outcome is far from certain. While most economists expect a hold, market pricing implies less than a one-third chance of a 25 bps cut, reflecting lingering uncertainty over how dovish the committee might lean. Indeed, some forecasters, including Goldman Sachs, are bracing for a narrow 5–4 vote in favor of a cut.

        With the deep divisions within the Monetary Policy Committee,  BoE’s voting record has become increasingly fractured: Deputy Governor Sarah Breeden and Chief Economist Huw Pill remain among the hawks, while Swati Dhingra and Alan Taylor have consistently called for earlier easing. The stance of the remaining members, including Governor Andrew Bailey, will be key to how markets interpret the decision.

        Adding complexity is the upcoming November 26 Budget from Chancellor Rachel Reeves, which is widely expected to deliver a large contractionary impulse to the economy. The timing puts the MPC in a difficult position — whether to act preemptively to cushion the blow or to hold off until fiscal details are clearer.

        In the currency markets, Sterling remains vulnerable ahead of the decision. The pair’s break below its 55 W EMA (now at 1.3185) last week, followed by continued selling this week, suggests a medium-term top at 1.3787 may be in place. A dovish surprise today could deepen losses toward trendline support around 1.2770. Decisive break there likely indicate that the entire rebound from the 2022 low at 1.0351 has completed.

         

        Japan’s PMI composite finalized at 51.5, price risks intensify

          Japan’s PMI Services was finalized at 53.1 in October, slightly below September’s 53.3. PMI Composite edged up to 51.5 from 51.3 as strength in services offset continued weakness in manufacturing.

          According to Annabel Fiddes, Economics Associate Director at S&P Global Market Intelligence, the survey signaled “further solid expansion” in services output, though other indicators were “not quite as upbeat.”

          New business growth slowed sharply, expanding at its weakest pace in 16 months, and foreign demand remained in contraction. At the same time, inflationary pressures intensified, with both input and output prices rising faster, largely due to higher labor costs. Confidence also softened as firms expressed concern about labor shortages and subdued customer demand.

          The main risk now lies in intensifying price pressures in both manufacturing and services, which “will be important to monitor in the coming months”.

          Full Japan PMI services final release here.

          Japan wage growth at 1.9%, but real income falls for ninth month

            Japan’s real wages declined for a ninth consecutive month in September as inflation-adjusted earnings fell -1.4% yoy, following a revised -1.7% drop in August, extending a contraction streak that began in January.

            Nominal wages rose 1.9% yoy, slightly below expectations of 2.0% and well short of the 3.4% increase in consumer prices, which accelerated for the first time since April.

            While regular pay rose 1.9% yoy, matching August’s pace, and overtime pay ticked up to 0.6% yoy, these gains were insufficient to offset higher living costs. Special payments, largely seasonal bonuses, rose 4.5% after a -7.8% fall in August, offering some temporary relief.

            RBNZ’s Hawkesby: Slowdown within expectations, not out of the worst yet

              RBNZ Governor Christian Hawkesby said the recent deterioration in the country’s labour market was within expectations. Speaking before a parliamentary committee, Hawkesby noted that the rise in unemployment to its highest level since 2016 reflects where the economy stands in the current cycle. “It is hard out there,” he said, adding that the RBNZ expected this period of softness as part of the adjustment following its recent easing moves.

              Despite the alignment with forecasts, Hawkesby warned that risks remain elevated, citing a long list of concerns led by global trade fragmentation and intensifying trade wars. He remarked that “we don’t think we’re out of the worst yet,” pointing to persistent global uncertainty that continues to cloud the medium-term outlook.

              The Governor also described New Zealand as a multi-speed economy, with regions and industries responding differently to the current slowdown. While some sectors continue to show resilience, others are struggling under higher costs and weaker demand.

              BoC’s Macklem sees rate at right level as tariffs reshape Canadian economy structurally

                BoC Tiff Macklem told lawmakers overnight that the central bank’s recent policy easing reflects both cyclical weakness and deeper structural challenges facing the Canadian economy. Macklem reiterated that last week’s 25bps rate cut to 2.25% — the second in as many meetings — was aimed at supporting growth amid “contained inflationary pressures.”

                Macklem laid out four key messages in his remarks. He said U.S. tariffs and trade uncertainty have significantly weakened Canada’s economy, leading to expectations of “very modest growth” through the rest of 2025, with “some pickup” only by 2026. The trade conflict, he noted, is also producing offsetting inflation dynamics — dampening overall demand but raising input costs for businesses. As a result, these opposing forces should “roughly offset,” keeping inflation near the BoC’s 2% target.

                Crucially, Macklem warned that the current slowdown is “more than a cyclical downturn.” He described it as a “structural transition”, arguing that U.S. trade actions have permanently reduced Canada’s productive capacity. The damage from tariffs, he said, has lowered potential growth and limited the central bank’s ability to stimulate demand without reigniting inflation.

                “Monetary policy can help the economy adjust as long as inflation is well-controlled,” Macklem emphasized, “but it cannot restore the economy to its pre-tariff path.”

                Looking ahead, Macklem suggested that the current policy rate is now “about the right level” to balance inflation control with economic support. The message signals a likely pause in further easing, barring new shocks.

                Full remarks of BoC’s Macklem here.

                US ISM services jumps to 52.4, prices highest since late 2022

                  The U.S. services sector expanded at its fastest pace since February, signaling renewed momentum in the largest part of the economy. ISM Services PMI rose to 52.4 in October from 50.0, beating expectations of 50.8.

                  The report showed broad-based improvement, with business activity up to 54.3 from 49.9 and new orders surging to 56.2 from 50.4 — a clear sign that demand remains resilient. The employment index improved modestly to 48.2 from 47.2 but stayed in contraction, suggesting that service providers remain cautious about hiring.

                  However, the standout concern came from prices, which rose from 69.4 to 70.0, marking the highest reading since October 2022 and the 11th consecutive month above 60.0. That points to persistent inflationary pressure in the sector.

                  According to ISM, the October reading corresponds to roughly 1.2% annualized gain in U.S. GDP.

                  Full US ISM services release here.

                  US ADP jobs rise 42K in October, large firms lead modest rebound

                    U.S. private-sector employment rose modestly in October, with ADP reporting a gain of 42k jobs, slightly above expectations of 32k. It was the first increase since July, suggesting some stabilization in hiring after months of softness. However, the pace of job creation remains well below levels seen earlier in the year, pointing to a labor market that is cooling gradually rather than collapsing.

                    Sector data showed 33k new service jobs and 9k in goods production. Large firms (+73k) drove most of the gains. Small (-10k) and medium-sized (-21k) companies continued to shed workers. Wage growth remained steady, with job-stayers up 4.5% yoy and job-changers up 6.7% yoy, both unchanged from September.

                    Overall, the data suggest hiring is stabilizing at lower levels, aligning with the Fed’s goal of cooling the economy without triggering widespread job losses.

                    Full US ADP release here.

                    Eurozone PPI edges lower, energy costs weigh

                      Eurozone producer prices dipped slightly in September. PPI fell -0.1% mom and -0.2% yoy, matching market expectations.

                      The decline was led primarily by softer energy prices, which fell -0.2% on the month, while prices for intermediate and capital goods remained stable. Among consumer categories, durable goods rose 0.3% and non-durable goods edged up 0.1%.

                      Across the broader European Union, producer prices rose 0.1% mom and 0.1% yoy, suggesting only a mild uptick in cost pressures. The largest monthly declines were seen in Bulgaria and Finland (-0.7%), while Romania (+1.2%), Estonia (+0.7%), and Lithuania (+0.4%) posted the biggest increases.

                      Full Eurozone PPI release here.

                      UK PMI composite finalized at 52.2, firmer growth, easing inflation pressures

                        The UK services sector showed encouraging signs of recovery in October, with PMI Services finalized at 52.3, up from September’s 50.8. Composite PMI also improved to 52.2 from 50.1.

                        According to Tim Moore, Economics Director at S&P Global Market Intelligence, the latest survey “offered some positive signals,” as both output and new business growth accelerated notably from September’s lows.

                        Service providers reported stronger client demand and a pickup in new orders, particularly in domestic markets. Many firms cited resilient consumer spending and a turnaround in new client wins as key drivers of October’s improvement. The data also pointed to labour market stabilization, with job cuts slowing sharply and business expectations rising to a 12-month high.

                        While higher wages were still pushing up costs, the overall pace of input inflation fell to its lowest level since November 2024. Selling prices increased at the slowest pace since June.

                        Full UK PMI services final release here.

                        Eurozone composite PMI hits 29-month high as Germany leads recovery

                          Eurozone business activity accelerated strongly in October, with HCOB Services PMI finalized at 53.0, the highest in 17 months, up from 51.3 in September. Composite PMI also climbed to 52.5, a 29-month high, signaling the region’s strongest pace of expansion since early 2023. The rebound was broad-based across major economies, though notable divergences remain, with Spain and Germany leading the upturn while France continues to lag.

                          Among individual countries, Spain topped the rankings with a Composite PMI of 56.0, marking a 10-month high. Germany’s index surged to 53.9, its best in 29 months, followed by Ireland (53.7) and Italy (53.1). In contrast, France slipped further into contraction at 47.7, an eight-month low.

                          According to Cyrus de la Rubia, Chief Economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank, the services sector’s upswing was supported by the strongest growth in new business since May 2023. Rising orders encouraged firms to hire more staff, providing hope that the expansion could prove sustainable into year-end.

                          Cost inflation in services has eased slightly, though selling price inflation ticked up, suggesting companies are regaining some pricing power amid firmer demand. For the ECB, the PMI figures pose no immediate inflationary threat.

                          Full Eurozone PMI services final release here.

                           

                          BoJ minutes: Hawks urge gradual tightening, others prefer to wait

                            Minutes from the BoJ’s September policy meeting revealed a deeply divided board, with members debating the pace and timing of future rate hikes. The nine-member board voted to keep the policy rate steady at 0.5%, rejecting calls by two hawkish members who wanted to raise borrowing costs to 0.75%. The discussion centered on balancing the downside risks to growth against persistent inflationary pressures, particularly from elevated food prices.

                            Some members argued for moving sooner rather than later. One hawkish participant called for raising rates at “somewhat regular intervals”, citing an improving flow of data, including corporate earnings and the Tankan business survey, as valuable indicators to guide normalization. Another member warned that the cost of waiting too long to tighten policy was “gradually increasing,” even if it would allow the BoJ to gain more clarity on the global outlook, especially from the U.S.

                            However, the majority on agreed it was better to wait for “a little more hard data” before considering another move. They noted that while conditions for tightening were gradually being met, acting now could “surprise the market” and risk destabilizing financial conditions. Some emphasized that as long as inflation expectations remain insufficiently anchored, maintaining accommodative conditions was appropriate to support Japan’s recovery.

                            Another member highlighted uncertainty surrounding the U.S. slowdown as a key reason to stay cautious, but conceded that, based purely on domestic fundamentals, Japan might soon meet the conditions for another hike.

                            Full BoJ September minutes here.

                            China RatingDog PMI services falls to 52.6, export orders contract

                              China’s service sector expansion eased slightly in October, with the RatingDog PMI Services slipping from 52.9 to 52.6, in line with expectations. Composite PMI also moderated to 51.8 from 52.5. While domestic demand improved, weakness in overseas orders capped momentum, reflecting the impact of renewed global trade instability on China’s external-facing industries.

                              RatingDog founder Yao Yu said new export business “fell noticeably into contractionary territory” amid “increased instability in the global trade environment”. However, total new orders still expanded as domestic demand strengthened. Business expectations remained high even though confidence edged slightly lower. Employment stayed in contraction, but the pace of job losses eased.

                              Price pressures were uneven. Input costs rose for an eighth consecutive month, reaching their highest level since October 2024. On the other hand, output prices slipped back into contraction, implying margin compression for service providers.

                              Full China RatingDog PMI services release here.

                              New Zealand labor market stagnates, unemployment rate rises to 5.3%

                                New Zealand’s labor market showed further signs of softening in the Q3, with total employment flat at 0.0% qoq, missing expectations for a small 0.1% qoq rise. On an annual basis, employment fell -0.6% yoy.

                                Unemployment rate ticked up from 5.2% to 5.3%, in line with forecasts, extending a full year of readings above 5%. The last time joblessness reached this level was in late 2016. Labor-force participation rate slipped 0.2 ppt to 70.3%, suggesting some workers are leaving the active job market.

                                Wage growth also cooled, with all-sector earnings up 0.4% qoq and 2.1% yoy, indicating reduced pressure on labor costs.

                                Full NZ employment release here.

                                SNB’s Tschudin: No need for negative rates, comfortable with outlook

                                  The SNB appears comfortable maintaining its stance after board member Petra Tschudin said current interest rates are appropriate given Switzerland’s inflation outlook. In an interview with TeleZueri, she noted that the SNB’s forecasts place inflation between 0% and 2% over the medium term, consistent with its definition of price stability.

                                  “From that perspective, interest rates are where they should be,” she said, adding that the central bank’s stance remains well calibrated to current conditions. Tschudin’s remarks were interpreted as a signal that the SNB will keep its policy rate at 0% for the foreseeable future.

                                  Tschudin acknowledged that global conditions are shifting quickly but said there is no justification for reintroducing negative rates. “The central bank would only deploy negative rates if necessary,” she said, “but with the current inflation forecasts there is no need.”

                                  Elsewhere, Chairman Martin Schlegel reiterated that Swiss inflation should edge slightly higher in the next few quarters, though global growth remains pressured by U.S. tariff actions.

                                   

                                  Kiwi slumps ahead of Q3 jobs data, AUD/NZD tests 2022 high

                                    New Zealand Dollar is under broad pressure today, partly as risk sentiment turned mildly sour in Asian trade and extended into the European morning. The move reflected a combination of modest risk aversion and steady cross-selling against Australian Dollar, which found relative support following the RBA’s policy decision earlier in the day.

                                    Even though Aussie was weighed down by the softer risk tone, it held firm against Kiwi after the RBA left the cash rate unchanged and signaled no further rate cuts this year, and likely only one more in 2026. In contrast, the OIS market continues to fully price a 25-basis-point cut by the RBNZ at its next meeting on November 26, with around a 50% chance of one final cut by mid-2026.

                                    This policy divergence makes Wednesday’s New Zealand labor market report a potential flashpoint for further moves. Consensus forecasts point to only 0.1% employment growth in Q3 and an unemployment rate rising to 5.3%. Any downside surprise could tip the economy into two consecutive cycle of job losses, reinforcing, which would solidify the case for additional RBNZ rate cuts next year.

                                    Technically, AUD/NZD is testing the 1.1489 resistance, its highest level since 2022. A decisive break above this zone would confirm bullish continuation and open the way toward the 61.8% projection of 1.0744 to 1.1443 from 1.1275 at 1.1707.

                                    RBA holds at 3.60%, upgrades inflation path, sees only one cut in 2026

                                      The RBA kept the cash rate unchanged at 3.60%, a move widely expected by markets and decided unanimously by the Board. In the statement, policymakers said the decision reflected a balance between inflation risks and economic resilience, noting that Q3 CPI was “materially higher” than expected and that there was “recent evidence of more persistent inflation.” Together with signs of recovering private demand and a labor market that remains “a little tight,” the Bank judged that current settings remain appropriate.

                                      The updated economic projections painted a picture of stickier inflation but slightly better near-term growth. Average GDP growth for 2025 was upgraded from 1.6% to 1.8%, while the 2026 projection was trimmed from 2.1% to 1.9%, and 2027 was kept unchanged at 2.0%.

                                      Headline inflation forecasts were lifted across the board — from 3.0% to 3.3% for the end of 2025, 2.9% to 3.2% for 2026, and 2.5% to 2.6% for 2027 — reflecting persistent price pressures in both goods and services.

                                      Underlying inflation was also revised higher. The trimmed mean CPI forecast jumped from 2.6% to 3.2% by the end of 2025, while the 2026 estimate edged up from 2.6% to 2.7%, and 2027 from 2.5% to 2.6%.

                                      These upward revisions highlight the Bank’s view that inflation will take longer to return sustainably to target.

                                      Meanwhile, policy-rate assumptions in the central scenario indicate no further rate cuts in 2025, followed by just over one reduction next year, lowering the cash rate to around 3.3% by the end of 2026, where it is expected to remain through 2027.

                                      Full RBA statement here and SoMP.

                                      Japan’s PMI manufacturing finalized at 48.2, but sentiment shows improvement

                                        Japan’s manufacturing sector contracted again in October, with the final S&P Global PMI edging down to 48.2 from 48.5 in September. According to S&P Global’s Pollyanna De Lima, demand softness — particularly in the automotive and semiconductor sectors — triggered the sharpest fall in new orders since early 2024, while exports to Asia, Europe, and the U.S. continued to decline.

                                        Manufacturers also faced rising cost pressures, as higher input costs squeezed margins even as demand waned. To offset these pressures, many firms lifted selling prices despite intense competition for new business.

                                        Still, sentiment showed some improvement. The decline in production was relatively contained, and many firms expressed greater optimism about future output. Hopes for successful new product launches and expectations that the impact of U.S. tariffs will eventually fade helped boost confidence.

                                        Full Japan PMI manufacturing final release here.

                                        Fed’s Cook: Every meeting is live, December included

                                          Fed Governor Lisa Cook said she supported last week’s quarter-point rate cut, describing it as “another gradual step toward normalization.” Cook noted that she views current policy as “modestly restrictive,” which remains appropriate given that inflation is still above target. At the same time, she argued that “downside risks to employment are greater than the upside risks to inflation,” suggesting a tilt toward caution on the growth side of the Fed’s dual mandate.

                                          Cook emphasized that monetary policy is “not on a predetermined path”. She said the economy is at a moment when risks to both sides of the mandate are elevated: keeping rates too high could cause a sharp labor-market deterioration, while cutting too aggressively could risk unanchoring inflation expectations. .

                                          Looking ahead, Cook stressed that each meeting remains a “live meeting,” including December’s. She will base her decision on incoming data and shifts in the economic outlook, particularly regarding labor conditions and inflation persistence.